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<p>Dietary exposure to <i>N</i>-nitrosamines (<i>N</i>-NAs) may pose health concerns across all age groups, particularly in children and the elderly, due to their association with increased cancer risk. This study risk-assessed age-specific dietary intake of <i>N</i>-NAs and main dietary sources. <i>N</i>-NAs consumption was estimated from 671 questionnaires (validated Food Frequency Questionnaires) obtained from 116 children (followed-up from 6 months to 4 years) and 182 adults (aged 19 to 95 years) from northern Spain (Asturias). The content of nitrates, nitrites and <i>N</i>-NAs was calculated per 100&#xa0;g of food for 348 items primarily using EFSA and EPIC data. Intakes were standardized by body weight and dietary sources were analysed using the FoodSources Shiny-app. The highest mean <i>N</i>-NAs intake, mainly of <i>N</i>-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), was observed at 48 months and was derived from processed meats. Among adults, nitrite intake was primarily attributable to animal sources and 12 to 19% of individuals exceeded the acceptable daily intake (ADI). In children, the lowest margin of exposure (MOE) for <i>N</i>-NAs was found at 48 months, and MOEs below 10,000 were observed from 12 months to 95 years. Early childhood appears to be a critical window for reducing exposure to carcinogens, supporting the development of targeted public-health policies.</p>

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Dietary exposure to N-nitrosamines and their precursors: an age-stratified assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • Aida Zapico,
  • David Herrero-Morin,
  • Silvia Arboleya,
  • Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán,
  • Miguel Gueimonde,
  • Sonia González

摘要

Dietary exposure to N-nitrosamines (N-NAs) may pose health concerns across all age groups, particularly in children and the elderly, due to their association with increased cancer risk. This study risk-assessed age-specific dietary intake of N-NAs and main dietary sources. N-NAs consumption was estimated from 671 questionnaires (validated Food Frequency Questionnaires) obtained from 116 children (followed-up from 6 months to 4 years) and 182 adults (aged 19 to 95 years) from northern Spain (Asturias). The content of nitrates, nitrites and N-NAs was calculated per 100 g of food for 348 items primarily using EFSA and EPIC data. Intakes were standardized by body weight and dietary sources were analysed using the FoodSources Shiny-app. The highest mean N-NAs intake, mainly of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), was observed at 48 months and was derived from processed meats. Among adults, nitrite intake was primarily attributable to animal sources and 12 to 19% of individuals exceeded the acceptable daily intake (ADI). In children, the lowest margin of exposure (MOE) for N-NAs was found at 48 months, and MOEs below 10,000 were observed from 12 months to 95 years. Early childhood appears to be a critical window for reducing exposure to carcinogens, supporting the development of targeted public-health policies.