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<p>In this work, a dual key-shaped antenna for 28/38 GHz mmWave applications is designed, analyzed, and tested using the Theory of Characteristic Modes. The antenna is printed on a 0.254&#xa0;mm thick substrate and has a compact footprint of 10 × 12&#xa0;mm², making it suitable for modern space-limited 5G devices. It supports two operating bands centered at 28&#xa0;GHz and 38&#xa0;GHz, with measured fractional bandwidths of 12.5% and 21.05%, respectively. At the lower band, the first four characteristic modes dominate the radiation, while Modes 2, 3, 4, 6, and 10 mainly shape the higher-band performance. To further enhance gain and cover wider practical needs, the design is extended into a four-element linear array with an overall size of 19.75 × 26 × 0.254&#xa0;mm³. The array provides peak gains of 10.5 dBi at 28&#xa0;GHz and 11 dBi at 38&#xa0;GHz, while maintaining more than 75% efficiency across both operating bands. A prototype of the antenna and array was fabricated and tested using in-house measurement facilities, showing good agreement with the simulated results. The proposed antenna system meets the key performance requirements for 5G mmWave communication and offers a compact and efficient solution for future 28/38 GHz wireless devices.</p>

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Dual-key slot mmwave antenna array with dual-band performance at 28 GHz and 38 GHz using characteristic mode analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • Saad Hassan Kiani,
  • Mohd Imran Ibrahim,
  • B. G. Parveez Shariff,
  • Muhammad Abbas Khan,
  • Altaf Ahmed Mugheri,
  • Tanweer Ali,
  • Umair Rafique,
  • Hala Mostafa,
  • Mariana Dalarsson

摘要

In this work, a dual key-shaped antenna for 28/38 GHz mmWave applications is designed, analyzed, and tested using the Theory of Characteristic Modes. The antenna is printed on a 0.254 mm thick substrate and has a compact footprint of 10 × 12 mm², making it suitable for modern space-limited 5G devices. It supports two operating bands centered at 28 GHz and 38 GHz, with measured fractional bandwidths of 12.5% and 21.05%, respectively. At the lower band, the first four characteristic modes dominate the radiation, while Modes 2, 3, 4, 6, and 10 mainly shape the higher-band performance. To further enhance gain and cover wider practical needs, the design is extended into a four-element linear array with an overall size of 19.75 × 26 × 0.254 mm³. The array provides peak gains of 10.5 dBi at 28 GHz and 11 dBi at 38 GHz, while maintaining more than 75% efficiency across both operating bands. A prototype of the antenna and array was fabricated and tested using in-house measurement facilities, showing good agreement with the simulated results. The proposed antenna system meets the key performance requirements for 5G mmWave communication and offers a compact and efficient solution for future 28/38 GHz wireless devices.