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<p>The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that evade immune responses poses challenges to effective prevention. We prospectively enrolled 111 COVID-19 patients in Thailand (2021-2022), who received homologous or heterologous vaccines or were unvaccinated. Plasma neutralizing antibody (nAb) levels against SARS-CoV-1 and 13 SARS-CoV-2 strains were measured using a multiplex surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) assay within a year. nAb levels increased in two weeks, showing strong inhibition against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and non-omicron variants, but not against SAR-CoV-1 and lower responses to omicron variants. nAb levels declined by the day 60. Breakthrough patients with heterologous vaccines had higher nAb levels compared to other groups. nAb levels were lower in breakthrough patients with pneumonia than those with other conditions. Notably, breakthrough patients aged ≥60 showed rapid declines in antibody levels. Our findings highlight diverse immune responses influenced by immunization, age, and clinical conditions, underscoring the need for tailored vaccination strategies against evolving variants.</p>

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Longitudinal analysis of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-1 and different SARS-CoV-2 strains in breakthrough and unvaccinated COVID-19 patients in Thailand (2021-2022)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • Prapassorn Poolchanuan,
  • Vichapon Tiacharoen,
  • Adul Dulsuk,
  • Rungnapa Phunpang,
  • Chakkaphan Runcharoen,
  • Thitiya Boonprakob,
  • Onura Hemtong,
  • Suchada Chowplijit,
  • Vachara Chuapaknam,
  • Tanaya Siripoon,
  • Watcharapong Piyaphanee,
  • Le Van Tan,
  • Susanna Dunachie,
  • Chee Wah Tan,
  • Lin-Fa Wang,
  • Wasun Chantratita,
  • Viravarn Luvira,
  • Narisara Chantratita,
  • Nguyen To Anh,
  • Nguyen Thi Thu Hong,
  • Truong Hoang Chau Truc,
  • Nguyen Thi Han Ny,
  • Do Duong Kim Han,
  • Le Kim Thanh,
  • Lam Anh Nguyet,
  • Cao Thu Thuy,
  • Le Nguyen Truc Nhu,
  • Tran Tan Thanh,
  • Nguyen To Anh,
  • Lam Minh Yen,
  • Vu Thi Ty Hang,
  • Pham Tieu Kieu,
  • Vo Tan Hoang,
  • Nguyen Thi Thao,
  • Mary Chambers,
  • Vu Duy Thanh,
  • Tran Chieu Hoang,
  • CLouise Thwaites,
  • Guy Thwaites,
  • H.Rogier van Doorn,
  • Trinh Son Tung,
  • Raph L Hamers,
  • Anuraj Shankar,
  • Juthathip Mongkolsapaya,
  • Gavin Screaton,
  • Aiete Dijokaite-Guraliuc,
  • Raksha Das,
  • Chang Liu,
  • Piyada Supasa,
  • Muneeswaran Selvaraj,
  • Paul Klenerman,
  • EYvonne Jones,
  • David I Stuart,
  • Barbara Kronsteiner-Dobramysl,
  • Martha Zewdie,
  • Priyanka Abraham,
  • Jennifer Hill,
  • Wee Chee Yap,
  • Beng Lee Lim,
  • Suwarti Suwarti,
  • Yanie Tayipto,
  • Eva Simarmata,
  • Ragil Dien,
  • Wanwisa Dejnirattisai,
  • Warangkana Chantima,
  • Apirak Junpirom,
  • Sopon Iamsirithaworn,
  • Nicholas P.J. Day,
  • Phaik Yeong Cheah,
  • Tassawan Poomchaichote,
  • Kanpong Boonthaworn,
  • Nghiem My Ngoc,
  • Alba Grifoni,
  • Alessandro Sette

摘要

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that evade immune responses poses challenges to effective prevention. We prospectively enrolled 111 COVID-19 patients in Thailand (2021-2022), who received homologous or heterologous vaccines or were unvaccinated. Plasma neutralizing antibody (nAb) levels against SARS-CoV-1 and 13 SARS-CoV-2 strains were measured using a multiplex surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) assay within a year. nAb levels increased in two weeks, showing strong inhibition against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and non-omicron variants, but not against SAR-CoV-1 and lower responses to omicron variants. nAb levels declined by the day 60. Breakthrough patients with heterologous vaccines had higher nAb levels compared to other groups. nAb levels were lower in breakthrough patients with pneumonia than those with other conditions. Notably, breakthrough patients aged ≥60 showed rapid declines in antibody levels. Our findings highlight diverse immune responses influenced by immunization, age, and clinical conditions, underscoring the need for tailored vaccination strategies against evolving variants.