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<p>This study evaluates hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of real-world marine pollutant residues (MPR) composed of mixed plastics, organic matter, paper, and textiles. Using diatomaceous earth (DE) catalysis and aqueous-phase (AQ) recirculation, the effects on product yield, composition, and energy recovery were examined. Under optimized conditions (380&#xa0;°C, 80&#xa0;min, 10 wt% DE, RR = 6 mL g<sup>-1</sup>), a maximum bio crude yield of 51.6% with an HHV of 40.3&#xa0;MJ kg<sup>-1</sup> was achieved. Elemental, molecular, and thermal analyses (CHNS, GC–MS, FTIR, TGA) indicated improved hydrocarbon content and reduced oxygenation in the DE + AQ configuration. Net energy ratio (NER) calculations showed that the process can achieve energy-positive operation under conditions of elevated AQ recirculation temperature, highlighting the importance of heat integration. While these results demonstrate effective conversion of heterogeneous marine residues into energy-dense products, broader sustainability claims require further assessment of emissions, wastewater toxicity, and scale-up feasibility. The study provides experimentally grounded insights into HTL as a potential component of coastal waste valorization strategies.</p>

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Sustainable valorization of marine plastic residues via hydrothermal liquefaction for clean energy recovery

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Mahadevan Vaishnavi,
  • S. Raja,
  • Maher Ali Rusho,
  • Tesfaye Barza Zema

摘要

This study evaluates hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of real-world marine pollutant residues (MPR) composed of mixed plastics, organic matter, paper, and textiles. Using diatomaceous earth (DE) catalysis and aqueous-phase (AQ) recirculation, the effects on product yield, composition, and energy recovery were examined. Under optimized conditions (380 °C, 80 min, 10 wt% DE, RR = 6 mL g-1), a maximum bio crude yield of 51.6% with an HHV of 40.3 MJ kg-1 was achieved. Elemental, molecular, and thermal analyses (CHNS, GC–MS, FTIR, TGA) indicated improved hydrocarbon content and reduced oxygenation in the DE + AQ configuration. Net energy ratio (NER) calculations showed that the process can achieve energy-positive operation under conditions of elevated AQ recirculation temperature, highlighting the importance of heat integration. While these results demonstrate effective conversion of heterogeneous marine residues into energy-dense products, broader sustainability claims require further assessment of emissions, wastewater toxicity, and scale-up feasibility. The study provides experimentally grounded insights into HTL as a potential component of coastal waste valorization strategies.