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<p>We describe an experimental setup for non-linear interaction and propagation of ultrashort and intense x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses in a dense gas. It allows one to provide high, but adjustable, target-gas pressures of up to 6&#xa0;bar within a vacuum environment of 3∙10<sup>− 3</sup> mbar or better. The setup enables investigation of intense x-ray propagation in an optically thick medium with minimal absorption loss of the unfocused beam outside of the target. As an application, we demonstrate the amplification of spectrally-resolved stimulated x-ray Raman scattering (SXRS) in dense neon gas, where the most intense inner part of the beam is almost completely absorbed. As a result, in the inner part of the beam, the SXRS signal exceeds the residual XFEL pulse by a factor of around two. In principle, this reshaping effect allows for a spatial separation of the two spectral components, i.e., the driving pulse and the SXRS signal.</p>

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High gas-pressure apparatus for nonlinear X-ray propagation and reshaping via stimulated X-ray Raman scattering

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • Alexander Magunia,
  • Marc Rebholz,
  • Tommaso Mazza,
  • Alberto De Fanis,
  • Thomas M. Baumann,
  • Sergey Usenko,
  • Nils Rennhack,
  • Kai Li,
  • Marc Simon,
  • Marcus Agåker,
  • Jan-Erik Rubensson,
  • Michael Meyer,
  • Linda Young,
  • Christian Ott,
  • Thomas Pfeifer

摘要

We describe an experimental setup for non-linear interaction and propagation of ultrashort and intense x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses in a dense gas. It allows one to provide high, but adjustable, target-gas pressures of up to 6 bar within a vacuum environment of 3∙10− 3 mbar or better. The setup enables investigation of intense x-ray propagation in an optically thick medium with minimal absorption loss of the unfocused beam outside of the target. As an application, we demonstrate the amplification of spectrally-resolved stimulated x-ray Raman scattering (SXRS) in dense neon gas, where the most intense inner part of the beam is almost completely absorbed. As a result, in the inner part of the beam, the SXRS signal exceeds the residual XFEL pulse by a factor of around two. In principle, this reshaping effect allows for a spatial separation of the two spectral components, i.e., the driving pulse and the SXRS signal.