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<p>Liquefaction is a severe earthquake-induced ground failure that reduces soil strength and foundation stability. This study examined the influence of fines content (FC) on soil liquefaction behaviour through field case histories and laboratory tests. According to many earthquake case histories of standard penetration test (SPT) blow counts, FC has an important significant effect on the liquefaction behaviour of soil. The SPT blow count was determined through 114 cyclic triaxial tests (CTT) and 37 cyclic hollow cylinder tests (CHCT) on Monterey Sand and Leyden Clay with varying FC (0%–45%), a method named “Conversion of Laboratory Test Results to SPT N-Blow Count” (LTRC-SPT) was developed to convert laboratory results into equivalent SPT blow counts. Results show that pure sand has the highest critical SPT N-value, which decreases as FC increases, but rises again after a threshold of about 25%. This highlights the special sensitivity of soils with 20%–30% FC in liquefaction analysis. Utilizing the results from CTT and CHCT tests, a back propagation neural network (BPNN) was employed to forecast SPT blow counts. This BPNN model demonstrates excellent accuracy, achieving a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of just 1.95%. Additionally, it aids engineers in gaining a deeper insight into the liquefaction potential of soil samples with varying fines content.</p>

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Effect of fines content on liquefaction resistance of soil using laboratory test and SPT

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Kongjian Li,
  • Jungang Liu,
  • Chunmei Mu,
  • Yi Zhang,
  • Lingxin Ge

摘要

Liquefaction is a severe earthquake-induced ground failure that reduces soil strength and foundation stability. This study examined the influence of fines content (FC) on soil liquefaction behaviour through field case histories and laboratory tests. According to many earthquake case histories of standard penetration test (SPT) blow counts, FC has an important significant effect on the liquefaction behaviour of soil. The SPT blow count was determined through 114 cyclic triaxial tests (CTT) and 37 cyclic hollow cylinder tests (CHCT) on Monterey Sand and Leyden Clay with varying FC (0%–45%), a method named “Conversion of Laboratory Test Results to SPT N-Blow Count” (LTRC-SPT) was developed to convert laboratory results into equivalent SPT blow counts. Results show that pure sand has the highest critical SPT N-value, which decreases as FC increases, but rises again after a threshold of about 25%. This highlights the special sensitivity of soils with 20%–30% FC in liquefaction analysis. Utilizing the results from CTT and CHCT tests, a back propagation neural network (BPNN) was employed to forecast SPT blow counts. This BPNN model demonstrates excellent accuracy, achieving a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of just 1.95%. Additionally, it aids engineers in gaining a deeper insight into the liquefaction potential of soil samples with varying fines content.