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<p>This study develops and optimizes a hybrid cooling system that synergizes building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) with earth-air (EAHE) and water-air (WAHE) heat exchangers for solar-powered gym cooling. Two configurations are evaluated: a series arrangement (Configuration A) and a parallel one (Configuration B). A multi-objective optimization using a genetic algorithm was performed to maximize total energy output while minimizing power consumption by optimizing seven design parameters. The results demonstrate a clear performance trade-off: Configuration A achieved superior cooling with a lower outlet air temperature of 14.0&#xa0;°C, while Configuration B delivered a significantly higher total energy output of 41 kWh in August, a 64% increase over Configuration A’s 25 kWh. The optimization yielded a definitive optimal design point with the following key parameters: an air mass flow rate of 1.18&#xa0;kg/s, a water mass flow rate of 0.68&#xa0;kg/s, an EAHE diameter of 0.49&#xa0;m and length of 23.79&#xa0;m, and a WAHE diameter of 0.027&#xa0;m and length of 23&#xa0;m. Crucially, the BIPV system generated sufficient electricity to power all auxiliary components. This work confirms the viability of a fully renewable, dual-source cooling architecture, with Configuration B recommended for maximizing energy output and Configuration A for prioritizing maximum cooling.</p>

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Synergizing building-integrated photovoltaic with ground-air and water-air heat exchangers for solar-powered gym cooling

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月13日

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  • Naim Ben Ali,
  • Rashid Khan,
  • Waqed H. Hassan,
  • Saman Ahmad Aminian,
  • Zahraa Abed Hussein,
  • Mohamed Shaban,
  • Walid Aich,
  • Joy Djuansjah

摘要

This study develops and optimizes a hybrid cooling system that synergizes building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) with earth-air (EAHE) and water-air (WAHE) heat exchangers for solar-powered gym cooling. Two configurations are evaluated: a series arrangement (Configuration A) and a parallel one (Configuration B). A multi-objective optimization using a genetic algorithm was performed to maximize total energy output while minimizing power consumption by optimizing seven design parameters. The results demonstrate a clear performance trade-off: Configuration A achieved superior cooling with a lower outlet air temperature of 14.0 °C, while Configuration B delivered a significantly higher total energy output of 41 kWh in August, a 64% increase over Configuration A’s 25 kWh. The optimization yielded a definitive optimal design point with the following key parameters: an air mass flow rate of 1.18 kg/s, a water mass flow rate of 0.68 kg/s, an EAHE diameter of 0.49 m and length of 23.79 m, and a WAHE diameter of 0.027 m and length of 23 m. Crucially, the BIPV system generated sufficient electricity to power all auxiliary components. This work confirms the viability of a fully renewable, dual-source cooling architecture, with Configuration B recommended for maximizing energy output and Configuration A for prioritizing maximum cooling.