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<p>Virtual Reality (VR) eye trackers provide portable and objective tools for neuro-ophthalmic testing. This study aimed to assess the reliability and reproducibility of an emerging VR-based eye tracker (BulbiCAM) in healthy participants and compare its utility to an existing wearable eye-tracking system (PupilLabs Neon), thereby laying the groundwork for the future studies of clinical feasibility. Thirty-nine healthy participants underwent BulbiCAM testing across two visits, with inter-visit reproducibility evaluated using intra-class correlation coefficients. Pupillary light reflex assessments were conducted with both devices, allowing paired comparisons. Participant feedback demonstrated high acceptability, with 89% reporting the test as comfortable and 81.5% experiencing no eye strain or fatigue. BulbiCAM showed high reproducibility for pupil and pursuit tests (ICC = 0.76–0.88), though saccade reproducibility was lower (ICC = 0.46–0.62) which indicates limited reliability for saccade metrics. Key pupillometric parameters showed strong agreement between devices, with minimal bias observed in baseline diameter (-0.48&#xa0;mm), peak constriction (-0.56&#xa0;mm), constriction velocity (0.22&#xa0;mm/s), and duration (-0.052&#xa0;s). These findings support the potential clinical feasibility and reliability of BulbiCAM for both research and patient testing, offering a promising alternative for objective neuro-ophthalmic assessment.</p>

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Technical validation of a virtual reality-based eye tracker for neuro-ophthalmic assessment: a reliability and reproducibility study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Irem Karaer,
  • Callum Hunt,
  • Ha-Jun Yoon,
  • Runfeng Ma,
  • Reenette Savant,
  • Vanessa Rodwell,
  • Riddhi Shenoy,
  • Zhanhan Tu,
  • Qadeer Arshad,
  • Elizabeta B. Mukaetova-Ladinska,
  • Mervyn G. Thomas

摘要

Virtual Reality (VR) eye trackers provide portable and objective tools for neuro-ophthalmic testing. This study aimed to assess the reliability and reproducibility of an emerging VR-based eye tracker (BulbiCAM) in healthy participants and compare its utility to an existing wearable eye-tracking system (PupilLabs Neon), thereby laying the groundwork for the future studies of clinical feasibility. Thirty-nine healthy participants underwent BulbiCAM testing across two visits, with inter-visit reproducibility evaluated using intra-class correlation coefficients. Pupillary light reflex assessments were conducted with both devices, allowing paired comparisons. Participant feedback demonstrated high acceptability, with 89% reporting the test as comfortable and 81.5% experiencing no eye strain or fatigue. BulbiCAM showed high reproducibility for pupil and pursuit tests (ICC = 0.76–0.88), though saccade reproducibility was lower (ICC = 0.46–0.62) which indicates limited reliability for saccade metrics. Key pupillometric parameters showed strong agreement between devices, with minimal bias observed in baseline diameter (-0.48 mm), peak constriction (-0.56 mm), constriction velocity (0.22 mm/s), and duration (-0.052 s). These findings support the potential clinical feasibility and reliability of BulbiCAM for both research and patient testing, offering a promising alternative for objective neuro-ophthalmic assessment.