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<p>This study evaluated the effects of <i>Avicennia marina</i> leaf aqueous extract on Nile tilapia performance. Fish (5.15&#xa0;g, <i>n</i> = 675) were fed diets containing 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400&#xa0;mg/kg extract for 60 days. Fish fed 200–300&#xa0;mg/kg diets showed better growth status (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), along with improved feed utilization. Digestive enzyme levels (amylase, lipase, protease) were better, and intestinal histomorphology was optimized, particularly at 200–300&#xa0;mg/kg. Biochemical assessment of the serum indicated increased levels of total protein, albumin, and globulin, with reduced glucose, cholesterol, and cortisol in fish receiving 200–400&#xa0;mg/kg. Hepatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px) increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased. Immune responses (lysozyme, NBT reduction, <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> inhibition) were enhanced, and gene expression showed upregulated <i>IGF-1</i>, <i>SOD</i>, <i>CAT</i>, and <i>GSH-Px</i> with downregulated <i>IL-1β</i> and <i>TNF-1α</i> in the 200–400&#xa0;mg/kg groups. Dietary <i>A. marina</i> extract at 200–300&#xa0;mg/kg enhanced growth, digestive efficiency, antioxidant status, immune functions, and gene expression in <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>, suggesting its promise as a natural feed additive in aquaculture.</p>

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Immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and growth-promoting properties of Avicennia marina leaf extract on Nile tilapia

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月17日

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  • Mohammed F. El Basuini

摘要

This study evaluated the effects of Avicennia marina leaf aqueous extract on Nile tilapia performance. Fish (5.15 g, n = 675) were fed diets containing 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg extract for 60 days. Fish fed 200–300 mg/kg diets showed better growth status (P < 0.05), along with improved feed utilization. Digestive enzyme levels (amylase, lipase, protease) were better, and intestinal histomorphology was optimized, particularly at 200–300 mg/kg. Biochemical assessment of the serum indicated increased levels of total protein, albumin, and globulin, with reduced glucose, cholesterol, and cortisol in fish receiving 200–400 mg/kg. Hepatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px) increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased. Immune responses (lysozyme, NBT reduction, Streptococcus agalactiae inhibition) were enhanced, and gene expression showed upregulated IGF-1, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px with downregulated IL-1β and TNF-1α in the 200–400 mg/kg groups. Dietary A. marina extract at 200–300 mg/kg enhanced growth, digestive efficiency, antioxidant status, immune functions, and gene expression in Oreochromis niloticus, suggesting its promise as a natural feed additive in aquaculture.