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<p>In this study, a copper-based metal–organic framework (Cu-MOF) was synthesized using terephthalic acid (TPA, H<sub>2</sub>L), 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene (bpe) as organic binders, and Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions, to act as a saturable absorber (SA) material. The SA was fabricated by depositing Cu-MOF on an arc-shaped fiber, and was then incorporated into a thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) and a holmium-doped fiber laser (HDFL), with both achieving stable mode-locking operation. The SA exhibited a modulation depth of 5.7% and a saturation intensity of 13.8&#xa0;MW/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The maximum average output power of the TDFL was 6.82 mW, while that of the HDFL was 2.64 mW. Pulse widths were measured at 1.08&#xa0;ps for the TDFL and 1.75&#xa0;ps for the HDFL respectively. The TDFL achieved a pulse energy of 464 pJ and a peak power of 430 W. The output of the HDFL had a pulse energy of 180 pJ and a peak power of 94.9 W, respectively. Both lasers were monitored for 4&#xa0;h to ensure their stability.</p>

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Cu-MOF as a saturable absorber for mode-locking at 2 µm and beyond

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

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  • Harith Ahmad,
  • Joe Win Chiam,
  • Khalil Kamaruzzaman,
  • Muhamad Zharif Samion,
  • Saliha Mutlu,
  • Volkan Filiz,
  • Nergis Arsu,
  • Sevil Savaskan Yilmaz,
  • Bülend Ortaç,
  • Kavintheran Thambiratnam

摘要

In this study, a copper-based metal–organic framework (Cu-MOF) was synthesized using terephthalic acid (TPA, H2L), 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene (bpe) as organic binders, and Cu2+ ions, to act as a saturable absorber (SA) material. The SA was fabricated by depositing Cu-MOF on an arc-shaped fiber, and was then incorporated into a thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) and a holmium-doped fiber laser (HDFL), with both achieving stable mode-locking operation. The SA exhibited a modulation depth of 5.7% and a saturation intensity of 13.8 MW/cm2, respectively. The maximum average output power of the TDFL was 6.82 mW, while that of the HDFL was 2.64 mW. Pulse widths were measured at 1.08 ps for the TDFL and 1.75 ps for the HDFL respectively. The TDFL achieved a pulse energy of 464 pJ and a peak power of 430 W. The output of the HDFL had a pulse energy of 180 pJ and a peak power of 94.9 W, respectively. Both lasers were monitored for 4 h to ensure their stability.