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<p>Colloidal silver (CS) is at the forefront of enhancing novel consumer products formulations &amp; packaging. However, conventional synthesis methods pose challenges, including toxicity, high costs, and poor colloidal stability. Green synthesis using plant extracts offers a sustainable alternative by leveraging natural bioactive compounds. This study compares CS synthesized via a patented plant-based method (CS<sub>BX3</sub>), Lemon Juice (CS<sub>LJ</sub>), and Green Tea (CS<sub>GT</sub>), with a commercial reference (CS<sub>Ref</sub>). Characterization using UV–Vis, DLS, SEM, Zeta Potential, and EDS assessed particle size, stability, and composition under stress conditions: long-term storage (60&#xa0;days), varying temperatures (4–37&#xa0;°C), pH (3–11), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Antioxidant activity was evaluated and antimicrobial efficacy against <i>E.coli</i> and <i>Listeria</i> to determine MIC. CS<sub>BX3</sub> and CS<sub>LJ</sub> showed superior stability under various stress conditions CS<sub>BX3</sub> retained colloidal stability both at low temperatures (3.97% size reduction at 4&#xa0;°C) and in PBS (14.2% in SPR intensity). CS<sub>LJ</sub> displayed strong steric stabilization, showing minimal size variation in PBS. Zeta potential and SEM analyses confirmed that CS<sub>BX3</sub> maintained dispersion and particle uniformity across neutral and alkaline pH, while CS<sub>GT</sub> showed significant aggregation<b>.</b> CS<sub>GT</sub> and CS<sub>BX3</sub> showed the most potent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties (20% higher antioxidant activity than other CS solutions and over 90% bacterial eradication within 24&#xa0;h). These results highlight the potential of green-synthesized CS for food, biomedical, and personal care applications.</p>

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A comparative evaluation of green colloidal silver variants for enhanced stability and bioactivity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月5日

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  • Federico Trotta,
  • Danielle Winning,
  • Sophie Sadiatoonasa,
  • Seyedeh Fatemeh Mirpoor,
  • Stella Lignou,
  • Sameer Khalil Ghawi,
  • Dimitris Charalampopoulos

摘要

Colloidal silver (CS) is at the forefront of enhancing novel consumer products formulations & packaging. However, conventional synthesis methods pose challenges, including toxicity, high costs, and poor colloidal stability. Green synthesis using plant extracts offers a sustainable alternative by leveraging natural bioactive compounds. This study compares CS synthesized via a patented plant-based method (CSBX3), Lemon Juice (CSLJ), and Green Tea (CSGT), with a commercial reference (CSRef). Characterization using UV–Vis, DLS, SEM, Zeta Potential, and EDS assessed particle size, stability, and composition under stress conditions: long-term storage (60 days), varying temperatures (4–37 °C), pH (3–11), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Antioxidant activity was evaluated and antimicrobial efficacy against E.coli and Listeria to determine MIC. CSBX3 and CSLJ showed superior stability under various stress conditions CSBX3 retained colloidal stability both at low temperatures (3.97% size reduction at 4 °C) and in PBS (14.2% in SPR intensity). CSLJ displayed strong steric stabilization, showing minimal size variation in PBS. Zeta potential and SEM analyses confirmed that CSBX3 maintained dispersion and particle uniformity across neutral and alkaline pH, while CSGT showed significant aggregation. CSGT and CSBX3 showed the most potent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties (20% higher antioxidant activity than other CS solutions and over 90% bacterial eradication within 24 h). These results highlight the potential of green-synthesized CS for food, biomedical, and personal care applications.