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<p>In the present study, we report the solvothermal synthesis of a novel trimetallic CuNiZn–PDC Metal Organic Framework (CuNiZn–PDC MOF) engineered for robust and efficient adsorption of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye from aqueous media. Comprehensive characterization, including SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET, TGA, zeta potential, EDX, and elemental mapping, confirmed its crystalline morphology, thermal stability up to 220&#xa0;°C, and high specific surface area (529&#xa0;m<sup>2</sup>/g) with pronounced microporosity. The material exhibits an average particle size of about 97&#xa0;nm and an aggregate size of about 348&#xa0;nm. Under optimized conditions (0.01&#xa0;g adsorbent amount, 333&#xa0;K, pH 8, 60&#xa0;min contact time, 200&#xa0;mg/L initial dye concentration), the MOF achieved &gt; 93% RhB removal. Adsorption kinetics conformed to a pseudo-second-order model (R2 &gt; 0.99), indicating chemisorption dominance, while equilibrium data fit the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.99), yielding a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 395&#xa0;mg/g at 333&#xa0;K. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH° =  + 11.77&#xa0;kJ/mol, consistently negative ΔG° across the studied temperature range) denote an endothermic and spontaneous adsorption process. The adsorption mechanism likely arises from synergistic interactions of chemisorption, π–π stacking, pore-filling, electrostatic interactions, and hydrogen bonding. Impressively, the MOF retained 69% of its removal efficiency after seven adsorption–desorption cycles. These findings underscore the MOF’s strong potential as a stable, high-capacity, and recyclable adsorbent for industrial wastewater treatment.</p>

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Synthesis and characterization of trimetallic (CuNiZn-PDC) MOF for the effective remediation of Rhodamine B dye

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Sultan Alam,
  • Ali Umar,
  • Najeeb Ur Rahman,
  • Hira Zaman,
  • Muhammad Zahoor,
  • Sana Ben Moussa,
  • Abdullah Yahya Abdullah Alzahrani

摘要

In the present study, we report the solvothermal synthesis of a novel trimetallic CuNiZn–PDC Metal Organic Framework (CuNiZn–PDC MOF) engineered for robust and efficient adsorption of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye from aqueous media. Comprehensive characterization, including SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET, TGA, zeta potential, EDX, and elemental mapping, confirmed its crystalline morphology, thermal stability up to 220 °C, and high specific surface area (529 m2/g) with pronounced microporosity. The material exhibits an average particle size of about 97 nm and an aggregate size of about 348 nm. Under optimized conditions (0.01 g adsorbent amount, 333 K, pH 8, 60 min contact time, 200 mg/L initial dye concentration), the MOF achieved > 93% RhB removal. Adsorption kinetics conformed to a pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.99), indicating chemisorption dominance, while equilibrium data fit the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.99), yielding a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 395 mg/g at 333 K. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH° =  + 11.77 kJ/mol, consistently negative ΔG° across the studied temperature range) denote an endothermic and spontaneous adsorption process. The adsorption mechanism likely arises from synergistic interactions of chemisorption, π–π stacking, pore-filling, electrostatic interactions, and hydrogen bonding. Impressively, the MOF retained 69% of its removal efficiency after seven adsorption–desorption cycles. These findings underscore the MOF’s strong potential as a stable, high-capacity, and recyclable adsorbent for industrial wastewater treatment.