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<p>Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), a globally important cereal, is highly vulnerable to climate-induced drought stress. This study evaluated seed biopriming with <i>Bacillus nematocida</i> as a strategy to enhance drought tolerance through molecular reprogramming. Maize seeds were bioprimed and subjected to drought stress under greenhouse conditions, and the expression of twelve drought-responsive genes was analyzed via RT-qPCR. Biopriming strongly upregulated stress-related genes, including <i>PLD</i> (60-fold), <i>PYL1</i> (63-fold), <i>SLAH1</i> (11-fold), and <i>OST1</i> (7-fold) under combined drought + biopriming, while <i>Peroxidase</i> and <i>ZmPP2CA</i> were markedly suppressed. These transcriptional shifts indicate enhanced ABA signaling, ion homeostasis, and reduced oxidative stress load. Overall, <i>Bacillus nematocida</i> biopriming conferred a &gt; 50-fold activation of key drought regulators, highlighting its potential as a sustainable approach to improve maize resilience under water-limited conditions.</p>

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Seed biopriming with Bacillus nematocida enhances drought tolerance in maize via regulation of stress-responsive genes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月5日

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  • Nermin G. Mohamed,
  • Asmaa Mokhtar,
  • Youmna Khaled,
  • Nada Mohamed,
  • Alaa Mahmoud

摘要

Maize (Zea mays L.), a globally important cereal, is highly vulnerable to climate-induced drought stress. This study evaluated seed biopriming with Bacillus nematocida as a strategy to enhance drought tolerance through molecular reprogramming. Maize seeds were bioprimed and subjected to drought stress under greenhouse conditions, and the expression of twelve drought-responsive genes was analyzed via RT-qPCR. Biopriming strongly upregulated stress-related genes, including PLD (60-fold), PYL1 (63-fold), SLAH1 (11-fold), and OST1 (7-fold) under combined drought + biopriming, while Peroxidase and ZmPP2CA were markedly suppressed. These transcriptional shifts indicate enhanced ABA signaling, ion homeostasis, and reduced oxidative stress load. Overall, Bacillus nematocida biopriming conferred a > 50-fold activation of key drought regulators, highlighting its potential as a sustainable approach to improve maize resilience under water-limited conditions.