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<p>To examine the effects of the average daily ambient temperature and treatment days on the outcomes of patients with nocturnal enuresis (NE), a common urinary symptom in children. The panel data of 19 children with NE (12 boys and 7 girls; median age: 9&#xa0;years; age range: 6–15) were prospectively collected (up to 1,469&#xa0;days; total number of records: 3194). NE status (presence of incontinence), treatment type, and weather-related variables (ambient temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours, and barometric pressure) were recorded. Factor analyses were subsequently performed using a generalized additive model (GAM). Among the patient features, treatment type, and weather-related variables, the average daily ambient temperature and treatment days were identified as risk factors for NE. Specifically, NE risk increased with an average daily ambient temperature of &lt; 16.7&#xa0;°C and decreased with a daily average ambient temperature of &gt; 20.1&#xa0;°C. An inverse correlation between NE risk and treatment days was observed in all cases. Notably, long-term treatment of approximately ≥ 1465&#xa0;days significantly reduced the NE risk, despite repeated exacerbations. The average daily ambient temperature and treatment days affect the risk of NE.</p>

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Nonlinear effects of ambient temperature and treatment days on nocturnal enuresis using generalized additive models

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Teruo Miyano,
  • Takahiro Arai,
  • Yuta Onuki,
  • Tomoko O. Morita,
  • Hirokazu Ikeda

摘要

To examine the effects of the average daily ambient temperature and treatment days on the outcomes of patients with nocturnal enuresis (NE), a common urinary symptom in children. The panel data of 19 children with NE (12 boys and 7 girls; median age: 9 years; age range: 6–15) were prospectively collected (up to 1,469 days; total number of records: 3194). NE status (presence of incontinence), treatment type, and weather-related variables (ambient temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours, and barometric pressure) were recorded. Factor analyses were subsequently performed using a generalized additive model (GAM). Among the patient features, treatment type, and weather-related variables, the average daily ambient temperature and treatment days were identified as risk factors for NE. Specifically, NE risk increased with an average daily ambient temperature of < 16.7 °C and decreased with a daily average ambient temperature of > 20.1 °C. An inverse correlation between NE risk and treatment days was observed in all cases. Notably, long-term treatment of approximately ≥ 1465 days significantly reduced the NE risk, despite repeated exacerbations. The average daily ambient temperature and treatment days affect the risk of NE.