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<p>Mango peel waste is a rich source of bioactive compounds with potential for sustainable valorization. In this study, coarse and fine mango peel powders were subjected to ethanolic and supercritical CO₂ extraction. The resulting extracts were evaluated for phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP), as well as antibacterial, antiadhesion, and antibiofilm properties against six multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens. The ethanolic extract from fine mango peel powder (EMPF) exhibited the highest phenolic (2488&#xa0;µg GA eq/mL) and flavonoid (1282&#xa0;µg rutin eq/mL) content, with quercetin (63.75&#xa0;mg/L) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (28.68&#xa0;mg/L) as major compounds, and showed strong antioxidant activity (RSA = 40%, FRAP = 0.804). To enhance stability and bioactivity, EMPF was nanoencapsulated in calcium alginate (N-EMPF), yielding a favorable particle size (~ 233&#xa0;nm), zeta potential (+ 23.6 mV), and encapsulation efficiency (56%). Nanoencapsulation improved antioxidant activity (RSA = 49%, TFC = 1566&#xa0;µg rutin eq/mL) and significantly enhanced antimicrobial, antiadhesion, and antibiofilm effects, while maintaining low cytotoxicity in human oral epithelial cells (IC₅₀ &gt; 100&#xa0;µg/mL; viability &gt; 70%). These findings demonstrate that nanoencapsulated ethanolic mango peel extracts represent safe, multifunctional, and sustainable sources of antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm agents with promising potential for biotechnological applications.</p>

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Sustainable valorization of mango peel waste by extracting bioactive compounds for functional applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月7日

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  • Ibrahim Amin Ibrahim,
  • Hamdy Mostafa Mohamed Ebeid,
  • Yehia Abd El-Razik Heikal,
  • Hesham Mohsen Elhariry

摘要

Mango peel waste is a rich source of bioactive compounds with potential for sustainable valorization. In this study, coarse and fine mango peel powders were subjected to ethanolic and supercritical CO₂ extraction. The resulting extracts were evaluated for phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP), as well as antibacterial, antiadhesion, and antibiofilm properties against six multidrug-resistant foodborne pathogens. The ethanolic extract from fine mango peel powder (EMPF) exhibited the highest phenolic (2488 µg GA eq/mL) and flavonoid (1282 µg rutin eq/mL) content, with quercetin (63.75 mg/L) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (28.68 mg/L) as major compounds, and showed strong antioxidant activity (RSA = 40%, FRAP = 0.804). To enhance stability and bioactivity, EMPF was nanoencapsulated in calcium alginate (N-EMPF), yielding a favorable particle size (~ 233 nm), zeta potential (+ 23.6 mV), and encapsulation efficiency (56%). Nanoencapsulation improved antioxidant activity (RSA = 49%, TFC = 1566 µg rutin eq/mL) and significantly enhanced antimicrobial, antiadhesion, and antibiofilm effects, while maintaining low cytotoxicity in human oral epithelial cells (IC₅₀ > 100 µg/mL; viability > 70%). These findings demonstrate that nanoencapsulated ethanolic mango peel extracts represent safe, multifunctional, and sustainable sources of antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm agents with promising potential for biotechnological applications.