<p>The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the thoracolumbar kyphotic Cobb angle on surgical prognosis following percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in patients with thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). We collected clinical data of 204 patients with OVCF of the thoracolumbar segment and analyzed them retrospectively. All patients were divided into four groups based on their postoperative thoracolumbar kyphotic Cobb angle. The basic clinical data, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and Oswestry disability index (ODI) score were subjected to statistical analysis and comparison among the groups. There was no significant difference in the general information of the patients in each group. In the post-operative period, patients in Groups A and B demonstrated significant reductions in VAS and ODI scores. The follow-up results at all time points were superior to those observed in Groups B and C. Patients in Group A exhibited the best ODI scores, which essentially recovered to the optimal state one month after surgery. The present study demonstrated a correlation between the thoracolumbar kyphotic Cobb angle and the prognosis of PKP surgery. Furthermore, the 0–5° thoracolumbar kyphotic Cobb angle was found to facilitate more rapid and superior patient recovery.</p>