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<p>The search for natural sources has raised hopes for a natural metabolite with fewer side effects in the treatment of cancers. Therefore, this study investigated the therapeutic effects of different doses of wheat germ oil (WGO) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) on MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines through the expression of apoptosis genes and Single-cell RNA seq analysis (scRNA-seq). Cells were treated with WGO (15&#xa0;µg/ml, 7.5&#xa0;µg/ml and 3.75&#xa0;µg/ml) and α-tocopherol concentrations for 14 days after plating in cell culture plates. After that, apoptotic cells were examined using flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC and PI staining. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry, expression analysis of <i>BAX</i>, <i>BCL-2</i> and <i>P53</i> genes by real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and scRNA-seq of cervical cancer cells were evaluated. Concentrations of 15&#xa0;µg/ml and 7.5&#xa0;µg/ml WGO and α-tocopherol led to an increase in necrotic and apoptotic cells and a decrease in viable cells in MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). While the concentration of 3.75&#xa0;µg/ml did not show a significant effect (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). In addition, gene expression analysis showed that treatment with different concentrations of WGO and α-tocopherol significantly reduced BCL-2 gene expression (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and increased <i>P53</i> and <i>BAX</i> gene expression in both cell lines (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The study highlights the beneficial effects of high doses of WGO (15 and 7.5&#xa0;µg/mL) and α-tocopherol in MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines by examining cell viability, apoptosis and necrosis, and apoptotic pathway genes.</p>

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Dose-dependent effects of wheat germ oil and vitamin E on apoptosis and gene expression in breast and cervical cancer cell lines with single-cell RNA-seq profiling

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • Navabeh Zamani,
  • Roya Bisheh Kolaei,
  • Farkhondeh Nemati,
  • Abbasali Dehpour Jouybari

摘要

The search for natural sources has raised hopes for a natural metabolite with fewer side effects in the treatment of cancers. Therefore, this study investigated the therapeutic effects of different doses of wheat germ oil (WGO) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) on MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines through the expression of apoptosis genes and Single-cell RNA seq analysis (scRNA-seq). Cells were treated with WGO (15 µg/ml, 7.5 µg/ml and 3.75 µg/ml) and α-tocopherol concentrations for 14 days after plating in cell culture plates. After that, apoptotic cells were examined using flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC and PI staining. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry, expression analysis of BAX, BCL-2 and P53 genes by real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and scRNA-seq of cervical cancer cells were evaluated. Concentrations of 15 µg/ml and 7.5 µg/ml WGO and α-tocopherol led to an increase in necrotic and apoptotic cells and a decrease in viable cells in MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines (p < 0.05). While the concentration of 3.75 µg/ml did not show a significant effect (p > 0.05). In addition, gene expression analysis showed that treatment with different concentrations of WGO and α-tocopherol significantly reduced BCL-2 gene expression (p < 0.05) and increased P53 and BAX gene expression in both cell lines (p < 0.05). The study highlights the beneficial effects of high doses of WGO (15 and 7.5 µg/mL) and α-tocopherol in MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines by examining cell viability, apoptosis and necrosis, and apoptotic pathway genes.