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<p>Rock masses in cold regions deteriorate due to frost heave caused by fissure water, posing risks to engineering projects. This study investigates the long-term mechanical behavior of fully saturated fissured red sandstone under freeze–thaw conditions. Creep acoustic emission (AE) experiments were conducted to explore how freeze–thaw cycles and fissure dip angles influence rock creep and AE characteristics. Four freeze-thaw cycle levels (0, 30, 60, and 90) and three double-fissure orientations (15°–15°, 15°–75°, and 75°–75°) were examined in this study. Results show that: (1) Increasing freeze–thaw cycles lead to greater instantaneous and creep strains, higher AE signal amplitudes, exponential growth in AE energy rates, and faster b-value fluctuations. (2) With larger fissure dip angles, the instantaneous and creep strains significantly increase, while the amplitude density, intensity, and AE energy rates decrease. b-value fluctuations also slow down. (3) Abrupt b-value changes can predict freeze–thaw-induced rock failure. For intact samples subjected to 90 freeze–thaw cycles, intact non-freeze–thaw samples, and fissured non-freeze–thaw samples, b-value mutations occurred 12.96&#xa0;s, 35.28&#xa0;s, and 48.24&#xa0;s earlier, respectively. These findings highlight b-value changes as an early indicator of freeze–thaw damage and provide theoretical insights into the creep failure of fissured rock masses under such conditions, aiding in the design and safety of cold-region engineering.</p>

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Creep acoustic emission characteristics and failure precursor identification of double-fissured red sandstone under freeze–thaw action

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月21日

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  • Dengke Yang,
  • Xiaoxiao Duan,
  • Keyan Cheng,
  • Lijun Xie,
  • Hongjun Jing,
  • Yongjun Song,
  • Jianxi Ren

摘要

Rock masses in cold regions deteriorate due to frost heave caused by fissure water, posing risks to engineering projects. This study investigates the long-term mechanical behavior of fully saturated fissured red sandstone under freeze–thaw conditions. Creep acoustic emission (AE) experiments were conducted to explore how freeze–thaw cycles and fissure dip angles influence rock creep and AE characteristics. Four freeze-thaw cycle levels (0, 30, 60, and 90) and three double-fissure orientations (15°–15°, 15°–75°, and 75°–75°) were examined in this study. Results show that: (1) Increasing freeze–thaw cycles lead to greater instantaneous and creep strains, higher AE signal amplitudes, exponential growth in AE energy rates, and faster b-value fluctuations. (2) With larger fissure dip angles, the instantaneous and creep strains significantly increase, while the amplitude density, intensity, and AE energy rates decrease. b-value fluctuations also slow down. (3) Abrupt b-value changes can predict freeze–thaw-induced rock failure. For intact samples subjected to 90 freeze–thaw cycles, intact non-freeze–thaw samples, and fissured non-freeze–thaw samples, b-value mutations occurred 12.96 s, 35.28 s, and 48.24 s earlier, respectively. These findings highlight b-value changes as an early indicator of freeze–thaw damage and provide theoretical insights into the creep failure of fissured rock masses under such conditions, aiding in the design and safety of cold-region engineering.