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<p>In this study, a sustainable zinc and aluminum dually doped nanocomposite (Zn/Al@BOB) was synthesized from <i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. <i>botrytis</i> stem waste via chemical co-precipitation method for the remediation of Brilliant Blue (BB) dye from water. The material was extensively explored via SEM, XPS, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and BET techniques. XPS confirmed successful doping of Zn and Al while BET result revealed an exposed surface of 43.686&#xa0;m²g<sup>−1</sup>. Batch-mode equilibrium studies assessed the effects of contact time, nanocomposite dosage, pH, temperature, and dye concentration. Optimization via RSM and CCD identified ideal constraints: 35&#xa0;min agitation time, 0.29&#xa0;g/L nanocomposite dose, pH of 6.0, temperature of 318&#xa0;K and dye concentration of 20 ppm, achieved 95% of removal efficiency. Equilibrium data best fit the Freundlich model (R² = 0.997), and the Langmuir model predicted a dye uptake of 400&#xa0;mg. g<sup>−1</sup>, consistent with the experimental 350&#xa0;mg/g. Kinetics succeeded a pseudo-2nd -order approach (R² = 0.993), and thermodynamic analysis confirmed the adsorption was spontaneous, endothermic, and physical in nature.</p>

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Sustainable synthesis and characterization of Zn–Al doped nanocomposites for removal of brilliant blue dye: optimization using a response surface methodology

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月21日

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  • Sreenivas Matla,
  • Gnanakumari Talathoti,
  • Tamirat Lamaro Bate,
  • Megersa Tadesse Adugna,
  • Paruvu Yogitha,
  • Boggala Reddemma,
  • Pulipati King,
  • Meena Vangalapati

摘要

In this study, a sustainable zinc and aluminum dually doped nanocomposite (Zn/Al@BOB) was synthesized from Brassica oleracea var. botrytis stem waste via chemical co-precipitation method for the remediation of Brilliant Blue (BB) dye from water. The material was extensively explored via SEM, XPS, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and BET techniques. XPS confirmed successful doping of Zn and Al while BET result revealed an exposed surface of 43.686 m²g−1. Batch-mode equilibrium studies assessed the effects of contact time, nanocomposite dosage, pH, temperature, and dye concentration. Optimization via RSM and CCD identified ideal constraints: 35 min agitation time, 0.29 g/L nanocomposite dose, pH of 6.0, temperature of 318 K and dye concentration of 20 ppm, achieved 95% of removal efficiency. Equilibrium data best fit the Freundlich model (R² = 0.997), and the Langmuir model predicted a dye uptake of 400 mg. g−1, consistent with the experimental 350 mg/g. Kinetics succeeded a pseudo-2nd -order approach (R² = 0.993), and thermodynamic analysis confirmed the adsorption was spontaneous, endothermic, and physical in nature.