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<p><i>Curcuma caesia</i> Roxb. (Black Turmeric), a perennial herb, is known for its bluish-black rhizome and camphoraceous aroma. Although it is reported to have wide range of therapeutic activities, the chemotype selection from eco-regions of Eastern India is still scarce. The present study investigated the intraspecific diversity in essential oil (EO) yield and composition among 53 accessions and the bioactivity potential of the top 20 high oil-yielding accessions. Hydrodistillation of the rhizomes revealed significant variation in EO yield (0.31–2.53% v/w), with the highest yield observed in <i>Curcuma caesia</i> 43 accession. GC–MS analysis identified 60 compounds, accounting for 85.09–99.94% of the total oil composition. The identified predominant compounds were curzerenone (20.31–28.12%), camphor (8.33–19.74%), eucalyptol (2.14–18.23%), <i>ar</i>-turmerone (0.26–17.83%), borneol (0.91–12.40%), curzerene (1.87–4.73%). Chemometric analyses, including PCA, PLS-DA, sPLS-DA, and clustering methods such as hierarchical clustering (dendrogram) and K-means partitional clustering, effectively classified accessions into three distinct chemotype: <i>C. caesia</i> curzerenone, <i>C. caesia</i> camphor, and <i>C. caesia</i> eucalyptol. The DPPH assay revealed remarkable antioxidant potential, particularly in <i>Curcuma caesia</i> 43 accession (IC<sub>50</sub>:0.54&#xa0;μg/mL), surpassing positive controls (Quercetin (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.6&#xa0;μg/mL), Gallic acid (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.67&#xa0;μg/mL), and Ascorbic acid (IC<sub>50</sub> = 4.21&#xa0;μg/mL)). <i>C. caesia</i> EO displayed varying degrees of antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant strains, with <i>Curcuma caesia</i> 43 accession exhibiting exceptional efficacy against <i>A. baumannii</i> (MIC: 0.09&#xa0;μg/mL) and <i>S. aureus</i> (MIC: 0.19&#xa0;μg/mL). The top 20 high oil-yielding <i>C. caesia</i> accessions were evaluated for ten agronomically important morphological traits, and nutritional analysis was conducted in the selected chemotypes. The results highlight the significant influence of geographic origin and environmental factors on the yield, chemodiversity, and bioactivity of <i>C. caesia</i> EO. The identified chemotype of <i>C. caesia</i> can be used for industrial, agricultural and conservation purposes.</p>

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Chemometric-guided diversity study of black turmeric essential oils from Eastern India revealed industrially feasible quality chemotypes with promising bioactivities

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • Jyotirmayee Lenka,
  • Basudeba Kar,
  • Suprava Sahoo

摘要

Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Black Turmeric), a perennial herb, is known for its bluish-black rhizome and camphoraceous aroma. Although it is reported to have wide range of therapeutic activities, the chemotype selection from eco-regions of Eastern India is still scarce. The present study investigated the intraspecific diversity in essential oil (EO) yield and composition among 53 accessions and the bioactivity potential of the top 20 high oil-yielding accessions. Hydrodistillation of the rhizomes revealed significant variation in EO yield (0.31–2.53% v/w), with the highest yield observed in Curcuma caesia 43 accession. GC–MS analysis identified 60 compounds, accounting for 85.09–99.94% of the total oil composition. The identified predominant compounds were curzerenone (20.31–28.12%), camphor (8.33–19.74%), eucalyptol (2.14–18.23%), ar-turmerone (0.26–17.83%), borneol (0.91–12.40%), curzerene (1.87–4.73%). Chemometric analyses, including PCA, PLS-DA, sPLS-DA, and clustering methods such as hierarchical clustering (dendrogram) and K-means partitional clustering, effectively classified accessions into three distinct chemotype: C. caesia curzerenone, C. caesia camphor, and C. caesia eucalyptol. The DPPH assay revealed remarkable antioxidant potential, particularly in Curcuma caesia 43 accession (IC50:0.54 μg/mL), surpassing positive controls (Quercetin (IC50 = 0.6 μg/mL), Gallic acid (IC50 = 0.67 μg/mL), and Ascorbic acid (IC50 = 4.21 μg/mL)). C. caesia EO displayed varying degrees of antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant strains, with Curcuma caesia 43 accession exhibiting exceptional efficacy against A. baumannii (MIC: 0.09 μg/mL) and S. aureus (MIC: 0.19 μg/mL). The top 20 high oil-yielding C. caesia accessions were evaluated for ten agronomically important morphological traits, and nutritional analysis was conducted in the selected chemotypes. The results highlight the significant influence of geographic origin and environmental factors on the yield, chemodiversity, and bioactivity of C. caesia EO. The identified chemotype of C. caesia can be used for industrial, agricultural and conservation purposes.