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<p>Previous studies have found the increased levels of transferrin (Tf) modified by advanced-glycation-end-products (AGE-Tf) in the serum of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the kidneys of diabetic rats. The study aimed to investigate the effects of AGE-Tf on human podocytes in vitro. AGE-Tf was prepared by incubating Tf with different concentrations of glucose (0&#xa0;mM, 5.6&#xa0;mM, 11.1&#xa0;mM, and 33.3&#xa0;mM) in vitro. Podocytes were treated with AGE-Tf produced at different concentrations of glucose, and rescue experiments include AGE-Tf + deferoxamine mesylate (DFO), AGE-Tf + Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1, inhibitors of ferroptosis), and AGE-Tf + advanced glycation end-product receptor (RAGE) antagonist peptide (RAP) groups. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) were measured, and the expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (<i>GPX4</i>), acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase long-chain family member 4 (<i>ACSL4</i>), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (<i>NRF2</i>) were analyzed. In vitro, with increasing glucose levels, the degree of glycation of Tf increased gradually, and the total iron binding capacity decreased gradually. When podocytes were treated by AGE-Tf, podocyte activity decreased, and apoptosis increased. Antioxidant capacity decreased, and LPO and ROS levels increased. The expression of <i>GPX4</i>, <i>NRF2,</i> and <i>SLC7A11</i> was down-regulated; the expression of <i>ACSL4</i> was up-regulated. Whereas the addition of Fer-1 or RAP reduced the effects of AGE-Tf on podocytes, including oxidative stress and ferroptosis, which were inhibited, and cell viability and apoptosis rate were partially improved. AGE-Tf may mediate oxidative stress and ferroptosis in podocytes via AGE/RAGE.</p>

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Advanced glycated end-products modified transferrin mediates oxidative stress and ferroptosis in podocytes via advanced glycation end-product receptor in vitro

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • Pingping Zhao,
  • Binjing Pan,
  • Jie Gao,
  • Xiaoyu Lv,
  • Yirong Wang,
  • Jingfang Liu

摘要

Previous studies have found the increased levels of transferrin (Tf) modified by advanced-glycation-end-products (AGE-Tf) in the serum of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the kidneys of diabetic rats. The study aimed to investigate the effects of AGE-Tf on human podocytes in vitro. AGE-Tf was prepared by incubating Tf with different concentrations of glucose (0 mM, 5.6 mM, 11.1 mM, and 33.3 mM) in vitro. Podocytes were treated with AGE-Tf produced at different concentrations of glucose, and rescue experiments include AGE-Tf + deferoxamine mesylate (DFO), AGE-Tf + Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1, inhibitors of ferroptosis), and AGE-Tf + advanced glycation end-product receptor (RAGE) antagonist peptide (RAP) groups. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) were measured, and the expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) were analyzed. In vitro, with increasing glucose levels, the degree of glycation of Tf increased gradually, and the total iron binding capacity decreased gradually. When podocytes were treated by AGE-Tf, podocyte activity decreased, and apoptosis increased. Antioxidant capacity decreased, and LPO and ROS levels increased. The expression of GPX4, NRF2, and SLC7A11 was down-regulated; the expression of ACSL4 was up-regulated. Whereas the addition of Fer-1 or RAP reduced the effects of AGE-Tf on podocytes, including oxidative stress and ferroptosis, which were inhibited, and cell viability and apoptosis rate were partially improved. AGE-Tf may mediate oxidative stress and ferroptosis in podocytes via AGE/RAGE.