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<p>Use<?tk 2?> of nanomaterials for improved thermal applications is a vibrant research area. These applications frequently occur in mechanical, thermal, chemical, and paint industries. Selection of individual nanomaterial characteristics is important to achieve fine results. Thus, the current work aims to study a problem by utilizing the unique structural properties of CNTs nanomaterials and (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O) 50:50% with key focus on the diameter and length factors involves in the thermal conductivity. The problem is then formulated for entropy and heat transfer through the use of similarity transforms and induction of controls like radiations, dissipation, mixed convection and convective heat condition effects. The bvp4c scheme is adopted for the entropy and heat results with multiple ranges. Dissipation, radiations and convective effects provided considerable increase in the temperature due to transfer of heat energy in the fluid. The temperature is examined very high near the surface due to convective factor. The mixed convection action over magnetically conducted nanofluid help to reduce the temperature and beneficial for engineering purpose with low heat transfer requirements. The Biot and Brinkman number boosted the entropy while declines for radiations and angle variations. Moreover, the Eckert number maintain the system at high entropy. The skin friction enhanced from 1.054470 to 1.6544 for against string Lorentz forces, 0.968471 to 0.987829 for <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_22767_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:\lambda\:\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and 105.447% to 165.44%. Use of K<sub>yamada−Ota</sub> characteristics positively contributed in the thermal and entropy results which enhance applicability of the model.</p>

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Entropy and heat transfer in (SWCNTs)/(C2H6O2–H2O) 50:50% dissipative nanofluidic system: application of Kyamada–ota model

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月23日

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  • Adnan,
  • Seham M. Al-Mekhlafi,
  • Mutasem Z. Bani-Fwaz,
  • Muhammad Nasir Bashir

摘要

Use of nanomaterials for improved thermal applications is a vibrant research area. These applications frequently occur in mechanical, thermal, chemical, and paint industries. Selection of individual nanomaterial characteristics is important to achieve fine results. Thus, the current work aims to study a problem by utilizing the unique structural properties of CNTs nanomaterials and (C2H6O2-H2O) 50:50% with key focus on the diameter and length factors involves in the thermal conductivity. The problem is then formulated for entropy and heat transfer through the use of similarity transforms and induction of controls like radiations, dissipation, mixed convection and convective heat condition effects. The bvp4c scheme is adopted for the entropy and heat results with multiple ranges. Dissipation, radiations and convective effects provided considerable increase in the temperature due to transfer of heat energy in the fluid. The temperature is examined very high near the surface due to convective factor. The mixed convection action over magnetically conducted nanofluid help to reduce the temperature and beneficial for engineering purpose with low heat transfer requirements. The Biot and Brinkman number boosted the entropy while declines for radiations and angle variations. Moreover, the Eckert number maintain the system at high entropy. The skin friction enhanced from 1.054470 to 1.6544 for against string Lorentz forces, 0.968471 to 0.987829 for \(\:\lambda\:\) , and 105.447% to 165.44%. Use of Kyamada−Ota characteristics positively contributed in the thermal and entropy results which enhance applicability of the model.