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<p>Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections in infants under one year, often triggered by respiratory syncytial virus. Neutrophil-driven inflammation plays a key role in disease severity. Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and their complex (MMP-9/LCN-2) are involved in neutrophil activity and tissue remodeling, but their role in infant bronchiolitis remains unexplored. In the present study serum levels of LCN-2, MMP-9, and MMP-9/LCN-2 complex in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis have been measured and correlated with clinical and hematological parameters to assess their potential as biomarkers of disease severity. A prospective cohort study enrolled fifty-six infants under 1 year of age admitted with diagnosis of bronchiolitis at the Policlinico Umberto I hospital of Rome. The score of clinical severity was assessed at admission and during hospitalization. The most severe score and oxygen supplementation requirement were recorded. Serum levels of LCN-2, MMP-9, and MMP-9/LCN-2 complex were measured via ELISA. Infants requiring oxygen supplementation had significantly elevated serum levels of LCN-2, MMP-9, and the MMP-9/LCN-2 complex. These markers positively correlated with neutrophil and total white blood cell counts. Gender-specific analysis showed higher LCN-2 and MMP-9/LCN-2 levels in males. LCN-2 and MMP-9, particularly in complexed form, are upregulated in more severe bronchiolitis cases and may reflect neutrophil-driven inflammation. These findings suggest a potential role for these biomarkers in stratifying disease severity and possibly predicting long-term respiratory outcomes. Further studies are needed to validate their clinical utility in larger pediatric populations.</p>

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Elevated lipocalin-2, matrix matalloproteinase-9 and mmp-9/lcn-2 complex serum levels in hospitalized infants with severe bronchiolitis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • Raffaella Nenna,
  • Enea Bonci,
  • Laura Petrarca,
  • Maria Giulia Conti,
  • Enrica Mancino,
  • Domanico Paolo La Regina,
  • Fabio Midulla,
  • Carla Petrella

摘要

Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections in infants under one year, often triggered by respiratory syncytial virus. Neutrophil-driven inflammation plays a key role in disease severity. Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and their complex (MMP-9/LCN-2) are involved in neutrophil activity and tissue remodeling, but their role in infant bronchiolitis remains unexplored. In the present study serum levels of LCN-2, MMP-9, and MMP-9/LCN-2 complex in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis have been measured and correlated with clinical and hematological parameters to assess their potential as biomarkers of disease severity. A prospective cohort study enrolled fifty-six infants under 1 year of age admitted with diagnosis of bronchiolitis at the Policlinico Umberto I hospital of Rome. The score of clinical severity was assessed at admission and during hospitalization. The most severe score and oxygen supplementation requirement were recorded. Serum levels of LCN-2, MMP-9, and MMP-9/LCN-2 complex were measured via ELISA. Infants requiring oxygen supplementation had significantly elevated serum levels of LCN-2, MMP-9, and the MMP-9/LCN-2 complex. These markers positively correlated with neutrophil and total white blood cell counts. Gender-specific analysis showed higher LCN-2 and MMP-9/LCN-2 levels in males. LCN-2 and MMP-9, particularly in complexed form, are upregulated in more severe bronchiolitis cases and may reflect neutrophil-driven inflammation. These findings suggest a potential role for these biomarkers in stratifying disease severity and possibly predicting long-term respiratory outcomes. Further studies are needed to validate their clinical utility in larger pediatric populations.