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<p>In this work, <i>Euphorbia sanctae-catharinae</i> leaf extract is used for the first time to biosynthesize silver chloride nanoparticles (AgCl-NPs) via a green synthesis approach. The formation and properties of the AgCl-NPs were confirmed using various characterization techniques: UV–Vis spectroscopy showed a characteristic absorption peak at 430&#xa0;nm, indicating nanoparticle formation; X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a crystallite size of approximately 24&#xa0;nm; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed predominantly spherical nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 20 to 50&#xa0;nm; and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified functional groups from the plant extract involved in nanoparticle stabilization. The MIC values were 62.5&#xa0;µg/mL for (<i>S. aureus</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, <i>E. faecalis</i>,<i> S. faecalis</i>,<i> E. aerogenes)</i>, 250&#xa0;µg/mL for (<i>S. epidermidis</i>,<i> K. pneumoniae</i>,<i> R. ornithinolytica)</i>,<i> and</i> 125&#xa0;µg/mL for <i>P. aeruginosa. The</i> MBC values were 500&#xa0;µg/mL for (<i>R. ornithinolytica</i>,<i> S. faecalis</i>,<i> K. pneumoniae</i>,<i> S. epidermidis)</i>,<i> and</i> 250&#xa0;µg/mL for <i>(S. aureus</i>,<i> E. coli</i>,<i> E. faecalis)</i>,<i> and</i> 125&#xa0;µg/mL for <i>E. aerogenes.</i> Tetracycline’s synergistic actions increased antibacterial effectiveness by 21.4–47%. Furthermore, at a non-toxic dose (MNTC: 31.25&#xa0;µg/mL), AgCl-NPs showed strong antiviral activity against HSV-1, preventing viral multiplication by 74%. These results demonstrate the potential of AgCl-NPs produced from <i>Euphorbia sanctae-catharinae</i> as a sustainable substitute for fighting viral infections and antibiotic resistance.</p>

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Sustainable production of silver chloride nanoparticles from desert flora for biomedical applications with multifunctional biological activities

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月23日

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  • Bothena M.A. Eltayeb,
  • Ezzat H. Elshazly,
  • Hesham A. Aboelmagd,
  • Sabry A. H. Zidan,
  • Abdel Kareem S. H. Mohamed

摘要

In this work, Euphorbia sanctae-catharinae leaf extract is used for the first time to biosynthesize silver chloride nanoparticles (AgCl-NPs) via a green synthesis approach. The formation and properties of the AgCl-NPs were confirmed using various characterization techniques: UV–Vis spectroscopy showed a characteristic absorption peak at 430 nm, indicating nanoparticle formation; X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a crystallite size of approximately 24 nm; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed predominantly spherical nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 20 to 50 nm; and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified functional groups from the plant extract involved in nanoparticle stabilization. The MIC values were 62.5 µg/mL for (S. aureus, E. coli, E. faecalis, S. faecalis, E. aerogenes), 250 µg/mL for (S. epidermidis, K. pneumoniae, R. ornithinolytica), and 125 µg/mL for P. aeruginosa. The MBC values were 500 µg/mL for (R. ornithinolytica, S. faecalis, K. pneumoniae, S. epidermidis), and 250 µg/mL for (S. aureus, E. coli, E. faecalis), and 125 µg/mL for E. aerogenes. Tetracycline’s synergistic actions increased antibacterial effectiveness by 21.4–47%. Furthermore, at a non-toxic dose (MNTC: 31.25 µg/mL), AgCl-NPs showed strong antiviral activity against HSV-1, preventing viral multiplication by 74%. These results demonstrate the potential of AgCl-NPs produced from Euphorbia sanctae-catharinae as a sustainable substitute for fighting viral infections and antibiotic resistance.