Impact of rotating cylinders configurations on Cu-water nanofluid heat transfer in a vented cavity: a COMSOL multiphysics base study
摘要
This study investigates forced convection heat transfer and fluid flow in a square vented cavity filled with Cu–water nanofluid, containing three rotating cylinders. This configuration is relevant for thermal performance optimization in compact systems such as electronic cooling, battery packs, and microfluidic heat exchangers. Unlike prior studies that considered only one or two rotating cylinders, this work introduces a more complex model with three cylinders under four distinct rotation configurations, allowing comparative evaluation of individual and collective effects on flow and heat transfer. The Galerkin finite element method (FEM) was applied using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.3 to solve the dimensionless governing equations for momentum and energy transport in the nanofluid system. Simulations are conducted for specific ranges of key physical parameters, including the Reynolds number