<p>As the importance of sports data in health management increases, traditional centralized storage faces security and privacy protection issues. Blockchain technology provides a new solution for the secure storage and sharing of sports data through its decentralized and tamper-proof characteristics. This paper constructs a distributed storage database system for sports data on the blockchain, which realizes the decentralized storage and sharing of data by storing sports data on the blockchain. The hash algorithm is used to store sports data to ensure the security and reliability of the data. The system uses smart contract technology to achieve multi-party secure computing and access control, ensuring that only users with access rights can access sports data. Experimental results show that the blockchain-based system is superior to traditional database systems in terms of storage efficiency (91% vs. 81%), data integrity (99.5% vs. 97.7%), and query response time (5.0ms vs. 9.9ms). The contribution of this paper is to provide an innovative solution for the secure storage and sharing of sports data, which can effectively protect the personal data privacy of athletes and support efficient data query and management.</p>