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<p>Microbial vaginosis results from an elevation in biofilm-forming vaginal bacteria. They provide a considerable clinical concern due to the rising global antibiotic resistance. This work investigated the antibacterial and anti-biofilm characteristics of Al₂O₃ NPs synthesised from Solanum virginianum L. Fourier. The characterisation techniques Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) validated the synthesis and structural integrity of the nanoparticles. Marked antibacterial and antifungal efficacy was noted against 108 isolates of various microorganisms (<i>G. vaginalis</i>,<i> S. aureus</i>,<i> E. coli</i>,<i> P. aeruginosa</i>,<i> and C. albicans</i>). Al₂O₃ displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 1000 to 3000&#xa0;µg/mL and MBC at 2000–5000&#xa0;mg/mL against study strains. Al₂O₃ signicantly inhibited biofilm formation by 50%-75%, cell surface hydrophobicity by 50–60%, outer membrane disruption by 60%-70% and preform biofilm disruption by 50%-80% in the test strains at respective 0.5xMIC. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the Al₂O₃ -treated <i>G. vaginalis</i>,<i> S. aureus</i>,<i> E. coli</i>,<i> P. aeruginosa</i>,<i> and C. albicans</i> could be the possible cause of cell death leading to biofilm inhibition. The research identified a significant correlation between biofilm positive and age, exhibiting an odds ratio of 6.33 and a risk ratio of 2.28. Vulvar pruritus and oedema were correlated with biofilm positive, although secretion colour exhibited no significant relationships. These results may inform clinical care and therapeutic approaches. The findings indicate that biogenic Al₂O₃ NPsderived from <i>S. virginianum</i> offer an environmentally sustainable alternative to traditional antimicrobials for vaginal washing in the treatment of biofilm-mediated vaginal infections.</p>

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The role of biogenic aluminium oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) synthesised from Solanum virginianum L in combating microbial vaginal pathogens

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月10日

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  • Mohammad Zubair,
  • Yazeed Albalawi

摘要

Microbial vaginosis results from an elevation in biofilm-forming vaginal bacteria. They provide a considerable clinical concern due to the rising global antibiotic resistance. This work investigated the antibacterial and anti-biofilm characteristics of Al₂O₃ NPs synthesised from Solanum virginianum L. Fourier. The characterisation techniques Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) validated the synthesis and structural integrity of the nanoparticles. Marked antibacterial and antifungal efficacy was noted against 108 isolates of various microorganisms (G. vaginalis, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans). Al₂O₃ displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 1000 to 3000 µg/mL and MBC at 2000–5000 mg/mL against study strains. Al₂O₃ signicantly inhibited biofilm formation by 50%-75%, cell surface hydrophobicity by 50–60%, outer membrane disruption by 60%-70% and preform biofilm disruption by 50%-80% in the test strains at respective 0.5xMIC. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the Al₂O₃ -treated G. vaginalis, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans could be the possible cause of cell death leading to biofilm inhibition. The research identified a significant correlation between biofilm positive and age, exhibiting an odds ratio of 6.33 and a risk ratio of 2.28. Vulvar pruritus and oedema were correlated with biofilm positive, although secretion colour exhibited no significant relationships. These results may inform clinical care and therapeutic approaches. The findings indicate that biogenic Al₂O₃ NPsderived from S. virginianum offer an environmentally sustainable alternative to traditional antimicrobials for vaginal washing in the treatment of biofilm-mediated vaginal infections.