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<p>Soil microbiome plays a crucial role in ecosystem; however, the responses of the soil microbiome to nonconventional irrigation water sources remain poorly understood. This study employed 16&#xa0;S rRNA sequencing to investigate microbial community shifts in soil samples collected from four geographically distinct locations affected by different irrigation water sources: saline ground water affected by seawater (SW), a brackish water lake (BW), a wastewater drain (WW), and a freshwater canal that receives inflows from multiple agricultural drains (FW). Our findings revealed distinct microbial signatures shaped by water quality, with Firmicutes dominating WW soils (49.2%) due to metal resistance (DESeq2, <i>p =</i> 3.67 × 10<sup>− 4</sup>), whereas <i>Chloroflexi</i> and <i>Cyanobacteria</i> thrived in BW environments (LEfSe, LDA &gt; 4, <i>p =</i> 8.23 × 10<sup>− 6</sup>), reflecting adaptations to chloride-rich conditions. FW soils enriched Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia, which are associated with moderate salinity and nutrient cycling, whereas SW samples harbored halotolerant <i>Actinobacteria</i> and Deinococcus-Thermus (DESeq2, <i>p =</i> 1.47x<sup>− 05</sup>). Statistical analyses revealed key potential biomarkers, including <i>Streptococcus</i> (WW, DESeq2 <i>p =</i> 3.67x<sup>− 24</sup>), <i>RB41</i> (BW, LEfSe <i>p =</i> 1.62x<sup>− 13</sup>), and <i>Candidatus_Udaeobacter</i> (SW, DESeq2 <i>p =</i> 1.47x<sup>− 05</sup>). Physicochemical drivers such as salinity (R² =0.319, <i>p =</i> 0.00041) and heavy metals (Pb/Mn in WW) strongly influence community structure. Notably, WW irrigation reduced alpha diversity (Shannon index: 4.79–5.41 vs. 6.65–7.43 in FW; Kruskal-Wallis <i>p =</i> 0.0056), highlighting pollutant-induced stress. These findings highlight the balance between water reuse and soil health, offering a foundation for microbiome-driven bioremediation approaches in arid environments. By utilizing native, stress-resilient microbial communities, our research promotes sustainable agricultural practices in water-limited regions.</p>

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Irrigation water quality shapes soil microbiomes: a 16 S rRNA-based biogeographic study in arid ecosystems

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月4日

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  • Mennatallah S. Abdelkader,
  • Salah Abdalla,
  • Ali A. Abdelrahman,
  • Ibrahim A. Amin,
  • Mohammed Ramadan,
  • Mohammed Salah

摘要

Soil microbiome plays a crucial role in ecosystem; however, the responses of the soil microbiome to nonconventional irrigation water sources remain poorly understood. This study employed 16 S rRNA sequencing to investigate microbial community shifts in soil samples collected from four geographically distinct locations affected by different irrigation water sources: saline ground water affected by seawater (SW), a brackish water lake (BW), a wastewater drain (WW), and a freshwater canal that receives inflows from multiple agricultural drains (FW). Our findings revealed distinct microbial signatures shaped by water quality, with Firmicutes dominating WW soils (49.2%) due to metal resistance (DESeq2, p = 3.67 × 10− 4), whereas Chloroflexi and Cyanobacteria thrived in BW environments (LEfSe, LDA > 4, p = 8.23 × 10− 6), reflecting adaptations to chloride-rich conditions. FW soils enriched Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia, which are associated with moderate salinity and nutrient cycling, whereas SW samples harbored halotolerant Actinobacteria and Deinococcus-Thermus (DESeq2, p = 1.47x− 05). Statistical analyses revealed key potential biomarkers, including Streptococcus (WW, DESeq2 p = 3.67x− 24), RB41 (BW, LEfSe p = 1.62x− 13), and Candidatus_Udaeobacter (SW, DESeq2 p = 1.47x− 05). Physicochemical drivers such as salinity (R² =0.319, p = 0.00041) and heavy metals (Pb/Mn in WW) strongly influence community structure. Notably, WW irrigation reduced alpha diversity (Shannon index: 4.79–5.41 vs. 6.65–7.43 in FW; Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.0056), highlighting pollutant-induced stress. These findings highlight the balance between water reuse and soil health, offering a foundation for microbiome-driven bioremediation approaches in arid environments. By utilizing native, stress-resilient microbial communities, our research promotes sustainable agricultural practices in water-limited regions.