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<p>Prediabetes is a significant cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) represents a crucial indicator of subclinical atherogenesis. This study evaluates the predictive roles of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β) for the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in prediabetic patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 56 treatment-naïve, non-smoking prediabetic patients recruited according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, and inflammatory markers were assessed. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured by turbidometry. Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method (RayBiotech, USA; TNFR1: Catalog # ELH-TNFR1, IL-1β: Catalog # ELH-IL1b). CRP, IL-1β, and TNFR1 were included in a binary logistic regression model to determine their predictive value for elevated AIP (&gt; 0.24). The majority of patients (82.1%) had a high AIP (&gt; 0.24). Patients with high AIP showed elevated levels of TNFR1 (358.07 ± 95.2&#xa0;pg/mL), IL-1β (1.13 ± 0.86&#xa0;pg/mL), and CRP (4.99 ± 2.80&#xa0;mg/dL) compared to those with low AIP. Significant positive correlations were found between AIP and IL-1β (rs = 0.558, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), TNFR1 (rs = 0.47, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and CRP (r = 0.57, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Hierarchical logistic regression showed that IL-1β alone explained 50.7% of the variance in high AIP (Nagelkerke R<sup>2</sup> = 0.507). Adding TNFR1 marginally improved the model (Nagelkerke R<sup>2</sup> = 0.541), while inclusion of CRP did not enhance predictive power (Nagelkerke R<sup>2</sup> = 0.514). IL-1β was a significant independent predictor of elevated AIP (Step 1: B = 9.935, <i>p</i> = 0.004, OR = 20648.46). TNFR1 and CRP showed non-significant associations in the adjusted models. IL-1β is a robust predictor of atherogenic risk in prediabetic patients, strongly associated with elevated AIP and potentially serving as a key biomarker for early cardiovascular risk assessment. TNFR1 and CRP provide limited incremental predictive value beyond IL-1β. Targeting IL-1β-mediated inflammation may represent a therapeutic strategy to mitigate early atherosclerotic changes in prediabetes.</p>

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Exploring the predictive potentials of IL-1β and TNFR1 in atherogenic risk in prediabetes

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月27日

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  • Rama Ayash,
  • Younes kabalan,
  • Sahar chamaa

摘要

Prediabetes is a significant cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) represents a crucial indicator of subclinical atherogenesis. This study evaluates the predictive roles of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β) for the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in prediabetic patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 56 treatment-naïve, non-smoking prediabetic patients recruited according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, and inflammatory markers were assessed. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured by turbidometry. Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method (RayBiotech, USA; TNFR1: Catalog # ELH-TNFR1, IL-1β: Catalog # ELH-IL1b). CRP, IL-1β, and TNFR1 were included in a binary logistic regression model to determine their predictive value for elevated AIP (> 0.24). The majority of patients (82.1%) had a high AIP (> 0.24). Patients with high AIP showed elevated levels of TNFR1 (358.07 ± 95.2 pg/mL), IL-1β (1.13 ± 0.86 pg/mL), and CRP (4.99 ± 2.80 mg/dL) compared to those with low AIP. Significant positive correlations were found between AIP and IL-1β (rs = 0.558, p < 0.001), TNFR1 (rs = 0.47, p < 0.001), and CRP (r = 0.57, p < 0.001). Hierarchical logistic regression showed that IL-1β alone explained 50.7% of the variance in high AIP (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.507). Adding TNFR1 marginally improved the model (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.541), while inclusion of CRP did not enhance predictive power (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.514). IL-1β was a significant independent predictor of elevated AIP (Step 1: B = 9.935, p = 0.004, OR = 20648.46). TNFR1 and CRP showed non-significant associations in the adjusted models. IL-1β is a robust predictor of atherogenic risk in prediabetic patients, strongly associated with elevated AIP and potentially serving as a key biomarker for early cardiovascular risk assessment. TNFR1 and CRP provide limited incremental predictive value beyond IL-1β. Targeting IL-1β-mediated inflammation may represent a therapeutic strategy to mitigate early atherosclerotic changes in prediabetes.