<p>The article’s subject matter deals with the issue of renewable energy potential and the related issue of energy transition in Poland. The article presents an outline of the issues related to the development of small hydropower plants (SHPs) in Poland against the background of the development of renewable energy. The main purpose of the paper is to demonstrate areas where opportunities and threats are considered for development in this area of RES in Poland. The article uses both secondary and primary sources of information, including the results of empirical research conducted with the Foresight method. The experts indicated, among the others: main problem areas for the development of small hydropower in Poland. The operation of small hydropower plants in Poland does not and will not serve as a basis in the power system. This is mainly due to natural conditions. Nevertheless, it can be an important element in the energy mix, especially from the point of view of energy security at the local level. Small hydropower plants are consistent with the assumptions regarding the development of distributed energy in Poland, including the development of national resources of renewable sources in the energy sector.</p>