<p>Regarding the asymmetric large deformation occurring in the No. 13,313 return airway of the Sunjiagou Coal Mine due to multiple mining disturbances, research methods including numerical simulation and field measurements were employed, considering the engineering geological conditions, to analyze the main influencing factors of roadway instability and to obtain the energy-stress distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock.The results of the study show that: (1) The main controlling factors for the deformation and instability of the 13,313 return airway are the dynamic pressure excavation of the neighbouring working face and the influence of the concentrated stress on the coal pillar of the No.11 coal seam section above the working face. (2) Rock damage and failure primarily occur in areas where plastic dissipated energy accumulates. The extent of plastic dissipated energy accumulation shows a clear correlation with the distribution of the plastic zone. Under the action of accumulated elastic strain energy, potential plastic failure zones exist in the surrounding rock of the tunnel. (3) Based on the full-cycle evolution law of the energy-plasticity zone of the tunnel perimeter rock, combined with the numerical simulation results and on-site support conditions, the tunnel perimeter rock zoning control system is proposed to strengthen the support for the concentrated area of the mining influence.Reinforcement support was applied to key sections, providing valuable reference for the engineering practice of similar mining conditions in the future.</p>