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<p>In many malignancies, an increased number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is recognized as a favorable prognostic factor, with exceptions such as renal cell carcinoma. However, the clinical significance of TIL size remains unclear. T-cell activation by mitogens increases cell size, partly via c-myc expression, suggesting that larger T cells may be more activated. We hypothesized that TIL size might be prognostically relevant in cancer patients. Here, we examined the relationship between the size and number of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells and patient prognosis in 96 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We employed artificial intelligence (AI) analysis to quantify the mean size of intratumoral CD8+ T cells in each sample. Patients were then divided into “Large” and “Small” CD8+ T cell groups according to the median T-cell size. Similarly, we classified cases into “High” and “Low” groups based on CD8 + T-cell numbers. We found that patients in the Large CD8+ T cell group had significantly better overall survival than those in the Small CD8+ T cell group by a univariate analysis (<i>p</i> = 0.039), but the difference did not reach statistical significance in a multivariate analysis (<i>p</i> = 0.054). Patients in the High CD8 + T cell group had better outcomes than those in the Low CD8+ T cell group. There was no significant correlation between CD8+ T cell size and count, and their combination (Large/High) identified a subgroup of patients with the most favorable prognosis. Our findings suggest that CD8+ T cell size could serve as an independent prognostic marker in ESCC.</p>

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The size of CD8+ infiltrating T cells is a prognostic marker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月22日

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  • Kengo Shigehara,
  • Noriko Kawai,
  • Tomohide Shirosaki,
  • Yuma Ebihara,
  • Aiko Murai,
  • Akari Takaya,
  • Serina Tokita,
  • Kenta Sasaki,
  • Naoki Shijubou,
  • Terufumi Kubo,
  • Kenji Murata,
  • Takayuki Kanaseki,
  • Tomohide Tsukahara,
  • Yutaka Hatanaka,
  • Tomoko Mitsuhashi,
  • Toshiaki Shichinohe,
  • Yoshihiko Hirohashi,
  • Satoshi Hirano,
  • Toshihiko Torigoe

摘要

In many malignancies, an increased number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is recognized as a favorable prognostic factor, with exceptions such as renal cell carcinoma. However, the clinical significance of TIL size remains unclear. T-cell activation by mitogens increases cell size, partly via c-myc expression, suggesting that larger T cells may be more activated. We hypothesized that TIL size might be prognostically relevant in cancer patients. Here, we examined the relationship between the size and number of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells and patient prognosis in 96 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We employed artificial intelligence (AI) analysis to quantify the mean size of intratumoral CD8+ T cells in each sample. Patients were then divided into “Large” and “Small” CD8+ T cell groups according to the median T-cell size. Similarly, we classified cases into “High” and “Low” groups based on CD8 + T-cell numbers. We found that patients in the Large CD8+ T cell group had significantly better overall survival than those in the Small CD8+ T cell group by a univariate analysis (p = 0.039), but the difference did not reach statistical significance in a multivariate analysis (p = 0.054). Patients in the High CD8 + T cell group had better outcomes than those in the Low CD8+ T cell group. There was no significant correlation between CD8+ T cell size and count, and their combination (Large/High) identified a subgroup of patients with the most favorable prognosis. Our findings suggest that CD8+ T cell size could serve as an independent prognostic marker in ESCC.