<p>The rising population and increased energy consumption drive contemporary researchers to develop highly efficient electrode materials for high-power energy storage devices. Herein, copper-doped tungsten oxide (Cu-WO<sub>3</sub>) and compositing MXene (Cu-WO<sub>3</sub>/MXene) in different concentrations have garnered substantial interest for their usage as an electrode material owing to their impressive energy-storing capacity, including high metallic conductivity, hydrophilic nature, and exceptional electrochemical performance due to their active surface chemistry. In the present work, we employ a facile co-precipitation technique to fabricate WO<sub>3</sub> and Cu-WO<sub>3</sub> (Cu x% = 5 at%, 10 at%, and 15 at%). Furthermore, we synthesized a synergistic 15 at% Cu-WO<sub>3</sub>/MXene nanocomposite by integrating Cu-WO<sub>3</sub> and MXene via sonication. The synthesized sample’s structure, functional, morphology, chemical composition, and electrochemical properties were examined through various techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). The X-ray diffraction analyses corroborated the monoclinic state of WO<sub>3</sub> along with the substitutional inclusion of Cu in the WO<sub>3</sub> lattice integrated with MXene. Utilizing a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), the surface morphological analysis revealed the formation of Cu-WO<sub>3</sub> nanospheres embedded in MXene sheets. Furthermore, according to results obtained from electrochemical analysis profiles, at 1&#xa0;mA, 15 at% Cu-WO<sub>3</sub>/MXene displayed a greater specific capacitance of 692.4&#xa0;F/g in comparison to other electrode materials via a three-electrode system, which is due to the synergistic impact of the Cu-WO<sub>3</sub> as well as the conductive properties of MXene sheets. Also, the electrode demonstrated excellent cycling stability, retaining 89% of its initial capacitance over 5000 charge-discharge cycles. The Ragone plot revealed an energy density of 70.10 Wh/kg at a power density of 809.8&#xa0;W/kg. B-value analysis and scan rate-dependent CV confirmed the contribution of both surface-controlled and diffusion-controlled charge storage mechanisms. Likewise, in contrast to all other synthesized materials, 15 at% Cu-WO<sub>3</sub>/MXene revealed a lesser solution resistance and charge transfer resistance. In accordance with the results, the 15 at% Cu-WO<sub>3</sub>/MXene nanocomposite is an extremely efficient capacitive material that can enhance electrochemical performance in energy storage applications.</p>

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Unraveling the role of MXene (Ti3C2Tx) integrated Cu-doped WO3 nanocomposites via co-precipitation technique for enhanced supercapacitor performance

  • T. Jaqulin Jenila,
  • W. Trinisha Infancy,
  • R. Rathikha,
  • P. Annie Vinosha,
  • Manikandan Ayyar,
  • S. Ramasamy,
  • S. Maruthasalamoorthy,
  • R. Navamathavan,
  • Belina Xavier,
  • Abdullah M. S. Alhuthali,
  • Hala M. Abo-Dief,
  • Magda H. Abdellattif,
  • R. Balachandran,
  • M. Khalid Hossain

摘要

The rising population and increased energy consumption drive contemporary researchers to develop highly efficient electrode materials for high-power energy storage devices. Herein, copper-doped tungsten oxide (Cu-WO3) and compositing MXene (Cu-WO3/MXene) in different concentrations have garnered substantial interest for their usage as an electrode material owing to their impressive energy-storing capacity, including high metallic conductivity, hydrophilic nature, and exceptional electrochemical performance due to their active surface chemistry. In the present work, we employ a facile co-precipitation technique to fabricate WO3 and Cu-WO3 (Cu x% = 5 at%, 10 at%, and 15 at%). Furthermore, we synthesized a synergistic 15 at% Cu-WO3/MXene nanocomposite by integrating Cu-WO3 and MXene via sonication. The synthesized sample’s structure, functional, morphology, chemical composition, and electrochemical properties were examined through various techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). The X-ray diffraction analyses corroborated the monoclinic state of WO3 along with the substitutional inclusion of Cu in the WO3 lattice integrated with MXene. Utilizing a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), the surface morphological analysis revealed the formation of Cu-WO3 nanospheres embedded in MXene sheets. Furthermore, according to results obtained from electrochemical analysis profiles, at 1 mA, 15 at% Cu-WO3/MXene displayed a greater specific capacitance of 692.4 F/g in comparison to other electrode materials via a three-electrode system, which is due to the synergistic impact of the Cu-WO3 as well as the conductive properties of MXene sheets. Also, the electrode demonstrated excellent cycling stability, retaining 89% of its initial capacitance over 5000 charge-discharge cycles. The Ragone plot revealed an energy density of 70.10 Wh/kg at a power density of 809.8 W/kg. B-value analysis and scan rate-dependent CV confirmed the contribution of both surface-controlled and diffusion-controlled charge storage mechanisms. Likewise, in contrast to all other synthesized materials, 15 at% Cu-WO3/MXene revealed a lesser solution resistance and charge transfer resistance. In accordance with the results, the 15 at% Cu-WO3/MXene nanocomposite is an extremely efficient capacitive material that can enhance electrochemical performance in energy storage applications.