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<p>The temperature dependence of muscle’s force-generating capacity has been established for over 50 years. While temperature-based interventions may be a viable method to augment force output during human locomotion, there are currently limited in-vivo investigations of how temperature affects force-generating capacity in major lower extremity muscles (e.g., ankle plantar flexors). Here, we tested the effects of temperature-exchanging sleeve worn around the shank (hot: 45&#xa0;°C, cold: 3&#xa0;°C, and room temperature: ~22&#xa0;°C) on maximal isometric and isokinetic plantar flexion torque production. Intramuscular temperature measurements confirmed that the temperature of the medial gastrocnemius increased by 3.3 ± 1.0&#xa0;°C during hot application and decreased by 4.1 ± 2.1&#xa0;°C during cold application. The hot application increased peak isometric torque by 12% compared to room temperature (<i>p</i> = 0.017). There was also a significant interaction between temperature and velocity during the isokinetic contractions (<i>p</i> = 0.019) – specifically, hot application enabled faster angular velocities across various isokinetic conditions, and achieved greater torques at faster velocities. The cold temperature did not significantly affect the peak isometric (<i>p</i> = 0.072) and the torque-velocity relationship during isokinetic contractions (<i>p</i> = 0.950). These findings suggest hot temperature applications affect the ankle’s torque-velocity relationships, highlighting the potential for non-invasive heat-based interventions to enhance the force-generating capacity of the ankle plantar flexors.</p>

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Temperature affects the torque–velocity relationship of the ankle plantar flexor muscles

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月17日

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  • Nikolaos Papachatzis,
  • Dustin R. Slivka,
  • Kota Z. Takahashi

摘要

The temperature dependence of muscle’s force-generating capacity has been established for over 50 years. While temperature-based interventions may be a viable method to augment force output during human locomotion, there are currently limited in-vivo investigations of how temperature affects force-generating capacity in major lower extremity muscles (e.g., ankle plantar flexors). Here, we tested the effects of temperature-exchanging sleeve worn around the shank (hot: 45 °C, cold: 3 °C, and room temperature: ~22 °C) on maximal isometric and isokinetic plantar flexion torque production. Intramuscular temperature measurements confirmed that the temperature of the medial gastrocnemius increased by 3.3 ± 1.0 °C during hot application and decreased by 4.1 ± 2.1 °C during cold application. The hot application increased peak isometric torque by 12% compared to room temperature (p = 0.017). There was also a significant interaction between temperature and velocity during the isokinetic contractions (p = 0.019) – specifically, hot application enabled faster angular velocities across various isokinetic conditions, and achieved greater torques at faster velocities. The cold temperature did not significantly affect the peak isometric (p = 0.072) and the torque-velocity relationship during isokinetic contractions (p = 0.950). These findings suggest hot temperature applications affect the ankle’s torque-velocity relationships, highlighting the potential for non-invasive heat-based interventions to enhance the force-generating capacity of the ankle plantar flexors.