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<p>Dental caries results from the colonization of oral microorganisms, such as Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), and their adherence to teeth is the initial step in this process. Therefore, blocking the attachment to the enamel surface would lead to inhibition of biofilm formation. We investigated the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-attachment effects of nano-liposomal herbal extracts, including Shirazi thyme (Zataria multiflora; Z. multiflora), Summer savory (Satureja hortensis; S. hortensis), and Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra; BRSOR), against biofilm formation and adherence of <i>S. mutans</i>. <i>S. mutans</i> strain ATCC 35,668 was cultured, and aqueous extracts were prepared. An antibacterial assessment was conducted using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method by the broth microdilution method. Nanoliposomes of <i>Z. multiflora (</i>Z-NLP<i>)</i> and <i>S. hortensis (</i>S-NLP<i>)</i> were prepared and characterized. Anti-biofilm assay was performed using the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) test. Finally, the effects of nanoliposomal herbal extracts were evaluated against <i>S. mutans</i> attachments to glass and enamel surfaces. The aqueous extract of <i>BRSOR</i> did not exhibit an antibacterial effect, and therefore, it was abandoned from further consideration in the work. No significant difference was observed between the herbal extracts and the control groups in MIC. Extract-loaded nanoliposomes demonstrated a significantly higher anti-biofilm effect compared to aqueous extracts. Among the study groups, only Z-NLP had a similar attachment level to enamel with Chlorhexidine 0.2%. According to the results, Z-NLP showed a significant effect on the attachment of S. mutans to enamel, thereby inhibiting biofilm formation.</p>

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Effect of nano liposomal herbal extracts against biofilm formation and adherence of streptococcus mutans

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月1日

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  • Milad Baseri,
  • Amirreza Naseri,
  • Faraz Radmand,
  • Hamed Hamishehkar,
  • Mohammad Yousef Memar,
  • Alireza Ebrahimi,
  • Solmaz Asnaashari,
  • Maryam Kouhsoltani

摘要

Dental caries results from the colonization of oral microorganisms, such as Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), and their adherence to teeth is the initial step in this process. Therefore, blocking the attachment to the enamel surface would lead to inhibition of biofilm formation. We investigated the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-attachment effects of nano-liposomal herbal extracts, including Shirazi thyme (Zataria multiflora; Z. multiflora), Summer savory (Satureja hortensis; S. hortensis), and Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra; BRSOR), against biofilm formation and adherence of S. mutans. S. mutans strain ATCC 35,668 was cultured, and aqueous extracts were prepared. An antibacterial assessment was conducted using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method by the broth microdilution method. Nanoliposomes of Z. multiflora (Z-NLP) and S. hortensis (S-NLP) were prepared and characterized. Anti-biofilm assay was performed using the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) test. Finally, the effects of nanoliposomal herbal extracts were evaluated against S. mutans attachments to glass and enamel surfaces. The aqueous extract of BRSOR did not exhibit an antibacterial effect, and therefore, it was abandoned from further consideration in the work. No significant difference was observed between the herbal extracts and the control groups in MIC. Extract-loaded nanoliposomes demonstrated a significantly higher anti-biofilm effect compared to aqueous extracts. Among the study groups, only Z-NLP had a similar attachment level to enamel with Chlorhexidine 0.2%. According to the results, Z-NLP showed a significant effect on the attachment of S. mutans to enamel, thereby inhibiting biofilm formation.