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<p>Manganese, an essential nutrient for male reproductive health, exerts dose-dependent effects, with excessive exposure—particularly to manganese dioxide nanoparticles (<b>MnO</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>-NPs</b>) from environmental or industrial sources inducing gonadal damage via oxidative stress, hormonal disruption, and impaired steroidogenesis. This study evaluated rosemary essential oil (<b>REO</b>) against <b>MnO</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>-NP</b>-induced reproductive dysfunction in male rats. Seventy-two Sprague–Dawley rats (130 ± 10&#xa0;g) were divided into six groups (<i>n</i> = 12): Group I (deionized water), Group II (saline), Group III (<b>MnO</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>-NP</b>, 100&#xa0;mg/kg bw/day), Group IV (<b>REO</b>, 250&#xa0;mg/kg/day), Protective Group V (<b>REO</b> pre-treatment + <b>MnO</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>-NPs</b>), and Therapeutic Group VI (<b>MnO</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>-NPs + REO </b> co-treatment) for 56 days. <b>MnO</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>-NP</b> exposure caused testicular injury, marked by elevated lipid peroxidation (↑malondialdehyde, ↑nitric oxide), suppressed antioxidants (↓total antioxidant capacity, ↓catalase, ↓glutathione), impaired sperm parameters (motility, count, morphology), and altered serum hormone levels (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone). These effects correlated with downregulated steroidogenesis genes (<Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">StAR</Emphasis>, <b>HSD-3β</b>,<b> CYP11A1</b>). Both Protective and Therapeutic REO treatment mitigated <b>MnO</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>-NPs</b> oxidative stress, restored hormonal balance, and normalized gene expression. Histopathology revealed reduced seminiferous tubule degeneration and enhanced spermatogenesis in <b>REO</b> groups. Findings demonstrate <b>REO’s</b> efficacy in alleviating <b>MnO</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>-NPs</b>induced reproductive toxicity via antioxidant and steroidogenic modulation, positioning <b>REO</b> as a promising therapeutic against nanomaterial-induced gonadotoxicity.</p>

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Rosemary essenitial oil counters MnO2 nanoparticle-induced fertility deficits in rats via antioxidant mechanisms and upregulation of StAR signalling

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月20日

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  • Hager M. Ramadan,
  • Nadia A. Taha,
  • Ahmed M. Youssef,
  • Asmaa S. Morsi

摘要

Manganese, an essential nutrient for male reproductive health, exerts dose-dependent effects, with excessive exposure—particularly to manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2-NPs) from environmental or industrial sources inducing gonadal damage via oxidative stress, hormonal disruption, and impaired steroidogenesis. This study evaluated rosemary essential oil (REO) against MnO2-NP-induced reproductive dysfunction in male rats. Seventy-two Sprague–Dawley rats (130 ± 10 g) were divided into six groups (n = 12): Group I (deionized water), Group II (saline), Group III (MnO2-NP, 100 mg/kg bw/day), Group IV (REO, 250 mg/kg/day), Protective Group V (REO pre-treatment + MnO2-NPs), and Therapeutic Group VI (MnO2-NPs + REO co-treatment) for 56 days. MnO2-NP exposure caused testicular injury, marked by elevated lipid peroxidation (↑malondialdehyde, ↑nitric oxide), suppressed antioxidants (↓total antioxidant capacity, ↓catalase, ↓glutathione), impaired sperm parameters (motility, count, morphology), and altered serum hormone levels (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone). These effects correlated with downregulated steroidogenesis genes (StAR, HSD-3β, CYP11A1). Both Protective and Therapeutic REO treatment mitigated MnO2-NPs oxidative stress, restored hormonal balance, and normalized gene expression. Histopathology revealed reduced seminiferous tubule degeneration and enhanced spermatogenesis in REO groups. Findings demonstrate REO’s efficacy in alleviating MnO2-NPsinduced reproductive toxicity via antioxidant and steroidogenic modulation, positioning REO as a promising therapeutic against nanomaterial-induced gonadotoxicity.