<p>This paper theoretically investigates the thermoelectric properties of armchair-type graphdiyne nanoribbons (2-AGDYNR) and zigzag-type graphdiyne nanoribbons (2-ZGDYNR) under different stress conditions, using the nonequilibrium Green’s function method. Specifically, it explores variations in their energy bands, carrier concentrations, electrical conductivity (<i>σ</i>), thermal conductivity (<i>κ</i>), and thermoelectric figure of merit (<i>ZT</i>). The results reveal that, at the same temperature, the lattice thermal conductivity of 2-ZGDYNR is much lower than that of 2-AGDYNR, emphasizing the anisotropic thermal conductivity characteristics of graphdiyne nanoribbons. The zigzag-type 2-ZGDYNR benefits due to a high power factor and low thermal conductivity, leading to a significantly higher <i>ZT</i> value compared to the armchair-type graphdiyne nanoribbons of the same width. When axial stress is applied at – 1.5 GPa, 2-ZGDYNR achieves its highest thermoelectric conversion efficiency, with a <i>ZT</i> value of 1.115. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of graphdiyne nanoribbons, with stress applied along their infinite extension, in the field of thermoelectricity.</p>