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<p>Excessive fertilizer and chemical usage have led to soil contamination by toxic heavy metals near the Abu-Zaabal industrial complex in Egypt. We introduce a groundbreaking calibration-free methodology using ultrafast Picosecond Laser-Induced Plasma Spectroscopy (CF-Ps-LIPS) for quantifying contaminant elements (Cd, Zn, Fe, Ni) in soils near Egypt’s Abu-Zaabal industrial complex. This study pioneers applying 170 ps laser pulses (Nd: YAG, 1064&#xa0;nm) to achieve calibration-free analysis, eliminating matrix-matched standards and offering ± 1% agreement with ICP-OES. By integrating plasma diagnostics (electron density N<sub>e</sub> = 1.2–1.5 × 10<sup>17</sup> cm<sup>− 3</sup> and temperature T<sub>e</sub> = 8508–10,275&#xa0;K), we establish CF-Ps-LIPS as a rapid, minimally invasive tool for on-site environmental monitoring, validated through spatial contamination gradients linked to wind patterns. Concentrations of Cd (25.1–136.5&#xa0;mg/kg), Zn (19.8–146.9&#xa0;mg/kg), Fe (59.7–62&#xa0;mg/kg), and Ni (119.4–157.8&#xa0;mg/kg) were analyzed across seven sampling sites. The seventh site was used as a test sample of unknown concentration to validate CF-Ps-LIPS. Utilizing the Boltzmann distribution with plotting techniques enables precise plasma electron density and temperature determination under local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) conditions. The CF-Ps-LIPS study revealed significant concentration variations dependent on trace metal type, sampling location, and facility orientation. The CF-Ps-LIPS method provides calibration-free, rapid, and accurate detection of metal contaminants in Egyptian soils for the first time. This methodology significantly advances environmental monitoring and soil contamination analysis, allowing on-site assessments with higher efficiency and reliability.</p>

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Calibration-free picosecond LIPS for quantifying heavy metals in soils near Egyptian industrial sites

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月6日

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  • Mohamed El-Saeed,
  • Walid Tawfik,
  • Ahmed A. I. Khalil,
  • Manal Mubarak,
  • Mohamed Fikry

摘要

Excessive fertilizer and chemical usage have led to soil contamination by toxic heavy metals near the Abu-Zaabal industrial complex in Egypt. We introduce a groundbreaking calibration-free methodology using ultrafast Picosecond Laser-Induced Plasma Spectroscopy (CF-Ps-LIPS) for quantifying contaminant elements (Cd, Zn, Fe, Ni) in soils near Egypt’s Abu-Zaabal industrial complex. This study pioneers applying 170 ps laser pulses (Nd: YAG, 1064 nm) to achieve calibration-free analysis, eliminating matrix-matched standards and offering ± 1% agreement with ICP-OES. By integrating plasma diagnostics (electron density Ne = 1.2–1.5 × 1017 cm− 3 and temperature Te = 8508–10,275 K), we establish CF-Ps-LIPS as a rapid, minimally invasive tool for on-site environmental monitoring, validated through spatial contamination gradients linked to wind patterns. Concentrations of Cd (25.1–136.5 mg/kg), Zn (19.8–146.9 mg/kg), Fe (59.7–62 mg/kg), and Ni (119.4–157.8 mg/kg) were analyzed across seven sampling sites. The seventh site was used as a test sample of unknown concentration to validate CF-Ps-LIPS. Utilizing the Boltzmann distribution with plotting techniques enables precise plasma electron density and temperature determination under local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) conditions. The CF-Ps-LIPS study revealed significant concentration variations dependent on trace metal type, sampling location, and facility orientation. The CF-Ps-LIPS method provides calibration-free, rapid, and accurate detection of metal contaminants in Egyptian soils for the first time. This methodology significantly advances environmental monitoring and soil contamination analysis, allowing on-site assessments with higher efficiency and reliability.