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<p>The advancement of construction 3D printing (C3DP) relies heavily on optimizing the material formulation and hardware configuration. This study reports the development of a customized extrusion system—comprising a hopper, auger, and interchangeable nozzles— designed for use with locally sourced, cost-effective cementitious composites. A series of composite mixes were evaluated, with the CSSAW mix (cement, fine sand, fine soil, admixture, and water) exhibiting superior printability, achieving a slump height of 27&#xa0;cm after 30&#xa0;min and maintaining structural integrity across 11 printed layers. Compared to the baseline CSW mix, CSSAW showed a 92.8% improvement in flowability and a threefold enhancement in shape retention. Optimization of printing parameters, including a speed of 25&#xa0;mm/s and layer height of 10&#xa0;mm, further improved interlayer adhesion and surface quality. The rectangular nozzle was found to enhance deposition consistency and print stability. The findings establish a practical framework for deploying C3DP in real-world construction setups using sustainable materials and scalable extrusion systems.</p>

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Performance evaluation of cementitious composites by designing an extrusion system for construction 3D printing

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月21日

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  • Shivashankarayya Hiremath,
  • Gururaj Shrishail Mathapati,
  • Dundesh S. Chiniwar,
  • H. M. Vishwanatha

摘要

The advancement of construction 3D printing (C3DP) relies heavily on optimizing the material formulation and hardware configuration. This study reports the development of a customized extrusion system—comprising a hopper, auger, and interchangeable nozzles— designed for use with locally sourced, cost-effective cementitious composites. A series of composite mixes were evaluated, with the CSSAW mix (cement, fine sand, fine soil, admixture, and water) exhibiting superior printability, achieving a slump height of 27 cm after 30 min and maintaining structural integrity across 11 printed layers. Compared to the baseline CSW mix, CSSAW showed a 92.8% improvement in flowability and a threefold enhancement in shape retention. Optimization of printing parameters, including a speed of 25 mm/s and layer height of 10 mm, further improved interlayer adhesion and surface quality. The rectangular nozzle was found to enhance deposition consistency and print stability. The findings establish a practical framework for deploying C3DP in real-world construction setups using sustainable materials and scalable extrusion systems.