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<p>A metamaterial integrated applicator operating at 2.45&#xa0;GHz has been developed for focused heating in clinical hyperthermia applications, effectively heating tumors while minimizing surface hot spots. This innovative applicator combines a double spiral antenna (DSA) for energy delivery, a spiral frequency selective surface (SFSS) for focused energy distribution, and an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) as a reflector to enhance penetration and uniformity. To ensure durability and environmental protection, the entire structure, including the DSA, SFSS, and AMC, is encased in a Teflon layer. The applicator’s performance is evaluated using heterogeneous phantoms, the Gustav Voxel model, and head tissue-simulating liquid, replicating real-world conditions. Its thermal efficiency is further analyzed with a water bolus that includes a 1&#xa0;mm polyvinyl chloride (PVC) layer to safeguard superficial tissues and enable uniform heat distribution. The applicator achieves a therapeutic temperature of 44&#xa0;°C in tumors with just 3&#xa0;W of input power, demonstrating exceptional efficiency. Impedance matching and resonance at 2.45&#xa0;GHz ensure effective energy delivery to target tissues. Specific absorption rate (SAR) measurements at 0.1&#xa0;W input confirm consistent energy distribution across varying depths. The strong alignment between simulation and experimental results validates the applicator’s design, making it a reliable and precise tool for hyperthermia therapy.</p>

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Experimental analysis of metamaterial integrated applicator for hyperthermia cancer treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月29日

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  • Nitika Sharma,
  • Rajesh Khanna,
  • Hari Shankar Singh,
  • Mayank Kumar Rai

摘要

A metamaterial integrated applicator operating at 2.45 GHz has been developed for focused heating in clinical hyperthermia applications, effectively heating tumors while minimizing surface hot spots. This innovative applicator combines a double spiral antenna (DSA) for energy delivery, a spiral frequency selective surface (SFSS) for focused energy distribution, and an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) as a reflector to enhance penetration and uniformity. To ensure durability and environmental protection, the entire structure, including the DSA, SFSS, and AMC, is encased in a Teflon layer. The applicator’s performance is evaluated using heterogeneous phantoms, the Gustav Voxel model, and head tissue-simulating liquid, replicating real-world conditions. Its thermal efficiency is further analyzed with a water bolus that includes a 1 mm polyvinyl chloride (PVC) layer to safeguard superficial tissues and enable uniform heat distribution. The applicator achieves a therapeutic temperature of 44 °C in tumors with just 3 W of input power, demonstrating exceptional efficiency. Impedance matching and resonance at 2.45 GHz ensure effective energy delivery to target tissues. Specific absorption rate (SAR) measurements at 0.1 W input confirm consistent energy distribution across varying depths. The strong alignment between simulation and experimental results validates the applicator’s design, making it a reliable and precise tool for hyperthermia therapy.