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<p>The study aimed to explore the bidirectional causal relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in older adults using a multi-wave follow-up design, expanding on established evidence of a bidirectional relationship between physical activity and depression in older adults. Drawing on individual-level tracking data from the China Family Panel Studies (2016, 2018, and 2020), the causal relationship was tested using fixed effects and cross-lagged panel models. Results indicated that physical exercise was a significant negative predictor of depression in older adults across both continuous (<i>β</i>=-0.056, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and categorical variables (<i>β</i>=-0.536, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). After controlling for unobserved confounders, physical exercise continued to have a significant negative impact on depressive symptoms (<i>β</i>=-0.024, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05; <i>β</i>=- 0.210, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Cross-lagged analyses revealed that physical exercise significantly influenced depressive symptoms only during the T1→T2 phase (<i>β</i>=-0.073, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), while depressive symptoms negatively predicted physical activity in later phases (<i>β</i>=-0.068, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001; <i>β</i>=-0.082, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). This finding underscores that while physical exercise can positively impact depressive symptoms in older adults, it may not be sufficient during public health crises or social emergencies. A holistic approach, incorporating social support and psychological interventions, is essential for more effective prevention and management of depressive symptoms.</p>

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Bidirectional relationships between physical exercise and depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults evidence from the China family panel studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月5日

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  • Hanwen Chen,
  • Tianci Lu,
  • Haoran Sui,
  • Baole Tao,
  • Hao Chen,
  • Jun Yan

摘要

The study aimed to explore the bidirectional causal relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in older adults using a multi-wave follow-up design, expanding on established evidence of a bidirectional relationship between physical activity and depression in older adults. Drawing on individual-level tracking data from the China Family Panel Studies (2016, 2018, and 2020), the causal relationship was tested using fixed effects and cross-lagged panel models. Results indicated that physical exercise was a significant negative predictor of depression in older adults across both continuous (β=-0.056, p < 0.001) and categorical variables (β=-0.536, p < 0.001). After controlling for unobserved confounders, physical exercise continued to have a significant negative impact on depressive symptoms (β=-0.024, p < 0.05; β=- 0.210, p < 0.05). Cross-lagged analyses revealed that physical exercise significantly influenced depressive symptoms only during the T1→T2 phase (β=-0.073, p < 0.001), while depressive symptoms negatively predicted physical activity in later phases (β=-0.068, p < 0.001; β=-0.082, p < 0.001). This finding underscores that while physical exercise can positively impact depressive symptoms in older adults, it may not be sufficient during public health crises or social emergencies. A holistic approach, incorporating social support and psychological interventions, is essential for more effective prevention and management of depressive symptoms.