<p>With global ecological problems and uncertainties in the international economy, the resilience of the wood supply chain is becoming important for the sustainable development of the wood industry. Heilongjiang Province is a key region for wood production and consumption in China. However, it faces many internal and external challenges in its wood supply chain. This paper uses a system dynamics method to build a wood supply chain model for Heilongjiang Province with Anylogic. It includes resilience factors from infrastructure, economic, and ecological perspectives. The goal is to find the system’s dynamics and how different factors influence and interact with each other. The results show that relying on overseas raw materials makes supply chain management more difficult. Logistics information platforms are essential for better coordination. The manufacturing sector does not respond well, so improving manufacturing efficiency is necessary to increase the system’s efficiency. The sales sector is affected by changes in market demand. Balancing the consumption of domestic and international customer groups can help stabilize production and sales. This study explains the current situation of the wood supply chain in Heilongjiang Province. It provides a theoretical basis for regional wood supply chain management and offers useful insights for improving supply chain resilience in other similar regions.</p>