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<p>While discrete regulatory mechanisms have been identified, a unified model for the transcriptional activation of photoperiodic flowering in short-day (SD) plants has not been delineated. Although the <i>GIGANTEA-CONSTANS-FLOWERING LOCUS T</i> (<i>GI-CO-FT</i>) pathway appears to be highly conserved, each species may differ in its blueprint for activation of <i>FT</i> and floral meristem identity. In cannabis, an SD plant, <i>PSEUDO-RESPONSE-REGULATOR 37 (PRR37</i>) has a causal effect in determining photoperiod sensitivity. This study identifies a network of <i>WITH NO LYSINE (K)</i> kinases (<i>WNK</i>) which may be regulating the PRR proteins and downstream genes, including florigen (<i>FT</i>). CO-like genes have been identified in cannabis, but their function in regulating <i>FT</i> has not been determined. This study shows that in cannabis, CO is critically-day-length-gated (CDL) and down-regulated by short days, likely to act as a repressor of <i>FT</i>. We demonstrate that CDL-gated gene expression can be manipulated in cannabis horticulture through modifying the R:FR ratio of LED lighting, where increased expression of <i>COL5</i> in response to light treatment is inversely related with expression of <i>FT</i>. Building on these insights, we propose a model for the CDL-gated regulation of <i>FT</i> expression in cannabis.</p>

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Transcriptomic analysis of CDL-gated photoperiodic flowering mechanisms in cannabis and their responsiveness to R: FR ratios in controlled environment agriculture

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月21日

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  • Samuel R. Haiden,
  • Nathan Johnson,
  • Gerald A. Berkowitz

摘要

While discrete regulatory mechanisms have been identified, a unified model for the transcriptional activation of photoperiodic flowering in short-day (SD) plants has not been delineated. Although the GIGANTEA-CONSTANS-FLOWERING LOCUS T (GI-CO-FT) pathway appears to be highly conserved, each species may differ in its blueprint for activation of FT and floral meristem identity. In cannabis, an SD plant, PSEUDO-RESPONSE-REGULATOR 37 (PRR37) has a causal effect in determining photoperiod sensitivity. This study identifies a network of WITH NO LYSINE (K) kinases (WNK) which may be regulating the PRR proteins and downstream genes, including florigen (FT). CO-like genes have been identified in cannabis, but their function in regulating FT has not been determined. This study shows that in cannabis, CO is critically-day-length-gated (CDL) and down-regulated by short days, likely to act as a repressor of FT. We demonstrate that CDL-gated gene expression can be manipulated in cannabis horticulture through modifying the R:FR ratio of LED lighting, where increased expression of COL5 in response to light treatment is inversely related with expression of FT. Building on these insights, we propose a model for the CDL-gated regulation of FT expression in cannabis.