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<p>Well-designed websites play a pivotal role in technological innovation by improving accessibility, user interaction and digital inclusivity. It is crucial to evaluate website accessibility as it meets the diverse needs of its users and adheres to legal and ethical standards. Significant research has been conducted that relies on user evaluation by apprehending user experiences or expert evaluation by capturing technical barriers. The current study proposes a fuzzy-based novel modeling approach that increases the strengths of both evaluation approaches. The datasets of twenty websites from two different domains of healthcare and incubation have been evaluated against the conformance of Web Accessibility Content Guidelines 2.1 (WCAG 2.1). The evaluation has been done by including low-vision impaired users and experts. The fuzzy-based approach has been used to aggregate the insights collected from users and experts. In order to compile the results, both domain websites have been evaluated with respect to parameters and ranking. At the end, both domains have been compared as per their accessibility index. The evaluation results indicate that the healthcare websites are more accessible, as these could achieve a very good level of accessibility, whereas the incubation websites failed to achieve the same level of accessibility. However, the makers of these websites must need to address certain critical issues to achieve an excellent level of accessibility. In order to validate, another sample as another case study with the same datasets of healthcare and incubation domain websites has been taken. As per the statistical analysis, the difference in accessibility indexes of both samples is insignificant at an interval of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41598_2025_117_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="75" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varvec{\alpha =0.05}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. FUEJMA may be beneficial for the aggregation of diverse responses from the users as well as from the experts that results in contributing more inclusive digital environments and providing accessibility evaluation with more accuracy and context-sensitivity.</p>

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User cum expert judgement model for accessibility using fuzzy approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Kumari Sarita,
  • Parminder Kaur,
  • Satinder Kaur

摘要

Well-designed websites play a pivotal role in technological innovation by improving accessibility, user interaction and digital inclusivity. It is crucial to evaluate website accessibility as it meets the diverse needs of its users and adheres to legal and ethical standards. Significant research has been conducted that relies on user evaluation by apprehending user experiences or expert evaluation by capturing technical barriers. The current study proposes a fuzzy-based novel modeling approach that increases the strengths of both evaluation approaches. The datasets of twenty websites from two different domains of healthcare and incubation have been evaluated against the conformance of Web Accessibility Content Guidelines 2.1 (WCAG 2.1). The evaluation has been done by including low-vision impaired users and experts. The fuzzy-based approach has been used to aggregate the insights collected from users and experts. In order to compile the results, both domain websites have been evaluated with respect to parameters and ranking. At the end, both domains have been compared as per their accessibility index. The evaluation results indicate that the healthcare websites are more accessible, as these could achieve a very good level of accessibility, whereas the incubation websites failed to achieve the same level of accessibility. However, the makers of these websites must need to address certain critical issues to achieve an excellent level of accessibility. In order to validate, another sample as another case study with the same datasets of healthcare and incubation domain websites has been taken. As per the statistical analysis, the difference in accessibility indexes of both samples is insignificant at an interval of \(\varvec{\alpha =0.05}\) . FUEJMA may be beneficial for the aggregation of diverse responses from the users as well as from the experts that results in contributing more inclusive digital environments and providing accessibility evaluation with more accuracy and context-sensitivity.