<p>The catalytic efficiency of sulfonated polystyrene foam waste (SPS) and sulfonated gamma alumina (SGA) in Friedel-Crafts type reactions was compared. All of the materials were studied using the state-of-the-art characterization techniques. SPS was found to carry a higher load of -SO<sub>3</sub>H functional groups (1.62 mmol H<sup>+</sup> per g) compared to SGA (1.23 mmol H<sup>+</sup> per g), contributing to its slightly higher efficiency in the regioselective ring-opening of 2-(phenoxymethyl)oxirane with indole. Under mild and solvent-free conditions, SPS catalyzed the reaction of various indoles and oxiranes (9 examples) with acceptable yields (55–99%). The catalyst’s efficiency was further validated in synthesizing various bis(indolyl)methanes (8 examples, 88–99% yield). Recyclability tests confirmed the stability of SPS over multiple cycles, maintaining significant catalytic activity. This study highlights the potential of SPS as a sustainable and efficient catalyst, offering a greener alternative to conventional methods and promoting the valorization of plastic waste in organic synthesis.</p>

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Sulfonated polystyrene foam waste as an efficient catalyst for Friedel-Crafts type reactions

  • Behrang Moazzen,
  • Roya Kamrouz,
  • Alireza Khorshidi

摘要

The catalytic efficiency of sulfonated polystyrene foam waste (SPS) and sulfonated gamma alumina (SGA) in Friedel-Crafts type reactions was compared. All of the materials were studied using the state-of-the-art characterization techniques. SPS was found to carry a higher load of -SO3H functional groups (1.62 mmol H+ per g) compared to SGA (1.23 mmol H+ per g), contributing to its slightly higher efficiency in the regioselective ring-opening of 2-(phenoxymethyl)oxirane with indole. Under mild and solvent-free conditions, SPS catalyzed the reaction of various indoles and oxiranes (9 examples) with acceptable yields (55–99%). The catalyst’s efficiency was further validated in synthesizing various bis(indolyl)methanes (8 examples, 88–99% yield). Recyclability tests confirmed the stability of SPS over multiple cycles, maintaining significant catalytic activity. This study highlights the potential of SPS as a sustainable and efficient catalyst, offering a greener alternative to conventional methods and promoting the valorization of plastic waste in organic synthesis.