<p>The Alfvén instability nonlinearly excited the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode on the ASDEX-Upgrade tokamak, as demonstrated experimentally. The mechanism of the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode excitation and the mode nonlinear evolution is not yet fully understood. In the present work, a first-principles simulation using the MEGA code investigated the mode properties in both the linear growth and nonlinear saturated phases. Here we show that the simulation successfully reproduced the excitation and coexistence of these two modes, and agreed with the experimental results well. Conclusive evidence showed that the resonance overlap is the excitation mechanism of the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode. In the linear growth phase, energetic particles that satisfied different resonance conditions excited the Alfvén instability, which then caused energetic particle redistribution in phase space. These redistributed energetic particles caused resonance overlap, exciting the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode in the nonlinear phase.</p>

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Nonlinear excitation of energetic particle driven geodesic acoustic mode by resonance overlap with Alfvén instability in ASDEX Upgrade

  • Hao Wang,
  • Philipp Lauber,
  • Yasushi Todo,
  • Yasuhiro Suzuki,
  • Hanzheng Li,
  • Malik Idouakass,
  • Jialei Wang,
  • Panith Adulsiriswad,
  • H. Zohm,
  • E. Alessi,
  • C. Angioni,
  • N. Arden,
  • V. Artigues,
  • M. Astrain,
  • O. Asunta,
  • M. Balden,
  • V. Bandaru,
  • A. Banon Navarro,
  • M. Bauer,
  • A. Bergmann,
  • M. Bergmann,
  • J. Bernardo,
  • M. Bernert,
  • A. Biancalani,
  • R. Bielajew,
  • R. Bilato,
  • G. Birkenmeier,
  • T. Blanken,
  • V. Bobkov,
  • A. Bock,
  • L. Bock,
  • T. Body,
  • T. Bolzonella,
  • N. Bonanomi,
  • A. Bortolon,
  • B. Böswirth,
  • C. Bottereau,
  • A. Bottino,
  • H. van den Brand,
  • M. Brenzke,
  • S. Brezinsek,
  • D. Brida,
  • F. Brochard,
  • J. Buchanan,
  • A. Buhler,
  • A. Burckhart,
  • Y. Camenen,
  • B. Cannas,
  • P. Cano Megías,
  • D. Carlton,
  • M. Carr,
  • P. Carvalho,
  • C. Castaldo,
  • A. Castillo Castillo,
  • A. Cathey,
  • M. Cavedon,
  • C. Cazzaniga,
  • C. Challis,
  • A. Chankin,
  • A. Chomiczewska,
  • C. Cianfarani,
  • F. Clairet,
  • S. Coda,
  • R. Coelho,
  • J. W. Coenen,
  • L. Colas,
  • G. Conway,
  • S. Costea,
  • D. Coster,
  • T. Cote,
  • A. J. Creely,
  • G. Croci,
  • D. J. Cruz Zabala,
  • G. Cseh,
  • I. Cziegler,
  • O. D’Arcangelo,
  • A. Dal Molin,
  • P. David,
  • C. Day,
  • M. de Baar,
  • P. de Marné,
  • R. Delogu,
  • P. Denner,
  • A. Di Siena,
  • M. Dibon,
  • J. J. Dominguez-Palacios Durán,
  • D. Dunai,
  • M. Dreval,
  • M. Dunne,
  • B. P. Duval,
  • R. Dux,
  • T. Eich,
  • S. Elgeti,
  • A. Encheva,
  • B. Esposito,
  • E. Fable,
  • M. Faitsch,
  • D. Fajardo Jimenez,
  • U. Fantz,
  • M. Farnik,
  • H. Faugel,
  • F. Felici,
  • O. Ficker,
  • A. Figueredo,
  • R. Fischer,
  • O. Ford,
  • L. Frassinetti,
  • M. Fröschle,
  • G. Fuchert,
  • J. C. Fuchs,
  • H. Fünfgelder,
  • S. Futatani,
  • K. Galazka,
  • J. Galdon-Quiroga,
  • D. Gallart Escolà,
  • A. Gallo,
  • Y. Gao,
  • S. Garavaglia,
  • M. Garcia Munöz,
  • B. Geiger,
  • L. Giannone,
  • S. Gibson,
  • L. Gil,
  • E. Giovannozzi,
  • I. Girka,
  • O. Girka,
  • T. Gleiter,
  • S. Glöggler,
  • M. Gobbin,
  • J. C. Gonzalez,
  • J. Gonzalez Martin,
  • T. Goodman,
  • G. Gorini,
  • T. Görler,
  • D. Gradic,
  • G. Granucci,
  • A. Gräter,
  • G. Grenfell,
  • H. Greuner,
  • M. Griener,
  • M. Groth,
  • O. Grover,
  • A. Gude,
  • L. Guimarais,
  • S. Günter,
  • D. Hachmeister,
  • A. H. Hakola,
  • C. Ham,
  • T. Happel,
  • N. den Harder,
  • G. Harrer,
  • J. Harrison,
  • V. Hauer,
  • T. Hayward-Schneider,
  • B. Heinemann,
  • P. Heinrich,
  • T. Hellsten,
  • S. Henderson,
  • P. Hennequin,
  • M. Herschel,
  • S. Heuraux,
  • A. Herrmann,
  • E. Heyn,
  • F. Hitzler,
  • J. Hobirk,
  • K. Höfler,
  • S. Hörmann,
  • J. H. Holm,
  • M. Hölzl,
  • C. Hopf,
  • L. Horvath,
  • T. Höschen,
  • A. Houben,
  • A. Hubbard,
  • A. Huber,
  • K. Hunger,
  • V. Igochine,
  • M. Iliasova,
  • J. Illerhaus,
  • K. Insulander Björk,
  • C. Ionita-Schrittwieser,
  • I. Ivanova-Stanik,
  • S. Jachmich,
  • W. Jacob,
  • N. Jaksic,
  • A. Jansen van Vuuren,
  • F. Jaulmes,
  • F. Jenko,
  • T. Jensen,
  • E. Joffrin,
  • A. Kallenbach,
  • J. Kalis,
  • A. Kappatou,
  • J. Karhunen,
  • C.-P. Käsemann,
  • S. Kasilov,
  • Y. Kazakov,
  • A. Kendl,
  • W. Kernbichler,
  • E. Khilkevitch,
  • M. Kircher,
  • A. Kirk,
  • S. Kjer Hansen,
  • V. Klevarova,
  • F. Klossek,
  • G. Kocsis,
  • M. Koleva,
  • M. Komm,
  • M. Kong,
  • A. Krämer-Flecken,
  • M. Krause,
  • I. Krebs,
  • A. Kreuzeder,
  • K. Krieger,
  • O. Kudlacek,
  • D. Kulla,
  • T. Kurki-Suonio,
  • B. Kurzan,
  • B. Labit,
  • K. Lackner,
  • F. Laggner,
  • A. Lahtinen,
  • P. Lainer,
  • P. T. Lang,
  • P. Lauber,
  • M. Lehnen,
  • L. Leppin,
  • E. Lerche,
  • N. Leuthold,
  • L. Li,
  • J. Likonen,
  • O. Linder,
  • H. Lindl,
  • B. Lipschultz,
  • Y. Liu,
  • Z. Lu,
  • T. Luda Di Cortemiglia,
  • N. C. Luhmann,
  • T. Lunt,
  • A. Lyssoivan,
  • T. Maceina,
  • J. Madsen,
  • A. Magnanimo,
  • H. Maier,
  • J. Mailloux,
  • R. Maingi,
  • O. Maj,
  • E. Maljaars,
  • V. Maquet,
  • A. Mancini,
  • A. Manhard,
  • P. Mantica,
  • M. Mantsinen,
  • P. Manz,
  • M. Maraschek,
  • C. Marchetto,
  • M. Markl,
  • L. Marrelli,
  • P. Martin,
  • F. Matos,
  • M. Mayer,
  • P. J. McCarthy,
  • R. McDermott,
  • G. Meng,
  • R. Merkel,
  • A. Merle,
  • H. Meyer,
  • M. Michelini,
  • D. Milanesio,
  • V. Mitterauer,
  • P. Molina Cabrera,
  • M. Muraca,
  • F. Nabais,
  • V. Naulin,
  • R. Nazikian,
  • R. D. Nem,
  • R. Neu,
  • A. H. Nielsen,
  • S. K. Nielsen,
  • T. Nishizawa,
  • M. Nocente,
  • I. Novikau,
  • S. Nowak,
  • R. Ochoukov,
  • J. Olsen,
  • P. Oyola,
  • O. Pan,
  • G. Papp,
  • A. Pau,
  • G. Pautasso,
  • C. Paz-Soldan,
  • M. Peglau,
  • E. Peluso,
  • P. Petersson,
  • C. Piron,
  • U. Plank,
  • B. Plaum,
  • B. Plöckl,
  • V. Plyusnin,
  • G. Pokol,
  • E. Poli,
  • A. Popa,
  • L. Porte,
  • J. Puchmayr,
  • T. Pütterich,
  • L. Radovanovic,
  • M. Ramisch,
  • J. Rasmussen,
  • G. Ratta,
  • S. Ratynskaia,
  • G. Raupp,
  • A. Redl,
  • D. Réfy,
  • M. Reich,
  • F. Reimold,
  • D. Reiser,
  • M. Reisner,
  • D. Reiter,
  • B. Rettino,
  • T. Ribeiro,
  • D. Ricci,
  • R. Riedl,
  • J. Riesch,
  • J. F. Rivero Rodriguez,
  • G. Rocchi,
  • P. Rodriguez-Fernandez,
  • V. Rohde,
  • G. Ronchi,
  • M. Rott,
  • M. Rubel,
  • D. A. Ryan,
  • F. Ryter,
  • S. Saarelma,
  • M. Salewski,
  • A. Salmi,
  • O. Samoylov,
  • L. Sanchis Sanchez,
  • J. Santos,
  • O. Sauter,
  • G. Schall,
  • A. Schlüter,
  • J. Scholte,
  • K. Schmid,
  • O. Schmitz,
  • P. A. Schneider,
  • R. Schrittwieser,
  • M. Schubert,
  • C. Schuster,
  • N. Schwarz,
  • T. Schwarz-Selinger,
  • J. Schweinzer,
  • F. Sciortino,
  • O. Seibold-Benjak,
  • A. Shabbir,
  • A. Shalpegin,
  • S. Sharapov,
  • U. Sheikh,
  • A. Shevelev,
  • G. Sias,
  • M. Siccinio,
  • B. Sieglin,
  • A. Sigalov,
  • A. Silva,
  • C. Silva,
  • D. Silvagni,
  • J. Simpson,
  • S. Sipilä,
  • A. Snicker,
  • E. Solano,
  • C. Sommariva,
  • C. Sozzi,
  • M. Spacek,
  • G. Spizzo,
  • M. Spolaore,
  • A. Stegmeir,
  • M. Stejner,
  • D. Stieglitz,
  • J. Stober,
  • U. Stroth,
  • E. Strumberger,
  • G. Suarez Lopez,
  • W. Suttrop,
  • T. Szepesi,
  • B. Tál,
  • T. Tala,
  • W. Tang,
  • G. Tardini,
  • M. Tardocchi,
  • D. Terranova,
  • M. Teschke,
  • E. Thorén,
  • W. Tierens,
  • D. Told,
  • W. Treutterer,
  • G. Trevisan,
  • M. Tripský,
  • P. Ulbl,
  • G. Urbanczyk,
  • M. Usoltseva,
  • M. Valisa,
  • M. Valovic,
  • S. van Mulders,
  • M. van Zeeland,
  • F. Vannini,
  • B. Vanovac,
  • P. Varela,
  • S. Varoutis,
  • T. Verdier,
  • G. Verdoolaege,
  • N. Vianello,
  • J. Vicente,
  • T. Vierle,
  • E. Viezzer,
  • I. Voitsekhovitch,
  • U. von Toussaint,
  • D. Wagner,
  • X. Wang,
  • M. Weiland,
  • D. Wendler,
  • A. E. White,
  • M. Willensdorfer,
  • B. Wiringer,
  • M. Wischmeier,
  • R. Wolf,
  • E. Wolfrum,
  • Q. Yang,
  • C. Yoo,
  • Q. Yu,
  • R. Zagórski,
  • I. Zammuto,
  • T. Zehetbauer,
  • W. Zhang,
  • W. Zholobenko,
  • A. Zibrov,
  • M. Zilker,
  • C. F. B. Zimmermann,
  • A. Zito,
  • H. Zohm,
  • S. Zoletnik

摘要

The Alfvén instability nonlinearly excited the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode on the ASDEX-Upgrade tokamak, as demonstrated experimentally. The mechanism of the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode excitation and the mode nonlinear evolution is not yet fully understood. In the present work, a first-principles simulation using the MEGA code investigated the mode properties in both the linear growth and nonlinear saturated phases. Here we show that the simulation successfully reproduced the excitation and coexistence of these two modes, and agreed with the experimental results well. Conclusive evidence showed that the resonance overlap is the excitation mechanism of the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode. In the linear growth phase, energetic particles that satisfied different resonance conditions excited the Alfvén instability, which then caused energetic particle redistribution in phase space. These redistributed energetic particles caused resonance overlap, exciting the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode in the nonlinear phase.