RETRACTED ARTICLE: Potential biological applications of environment friendly synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles using Sageretia thea root extract

The green synthesis of Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) has shownnumerous advantages over conventional physical and chemical synthesis methods asthese methods non-ecofriendly and uses toxic chemicals and complicated equipments.In present study, Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were created using simple,sustainable, eco-friendly and green chemistry protocol. The roots of novel medicinalplant Sageretia thea was used as a bio-templatefor the preparation of IONPs. Further, the synthesis of IONPs was confirmed usingdifferent analytical tools like UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, EDX, and SEM. The average sizesof (NPs) were found to be 16.04 nm. Further, asynthesized IONPs wereevaluated for several biological potentials including antibacterial, antifungalAnti-radical potentials (DPPH) and cytotoxicity assays. Antibacterial potencies wereinvestigated using bacterial strains (in the concentration range of1000–31.25 µg/mL) revealing significant antibacterialpotentials. ABA and SAU was reported to be least susceptible while KPN was observedto be most susceptible strain in bactericidal studies. Further, different fungalstrains were used to investigate the antifungal potentials of IONPs (in theconcentration range of 1000–31.25 µg/mL) and revealed strongantifungal potencies against different pathogenic strains. Furthermore, MRA, FA andANI were most susceptible and ABA was least susceptible in fungicidal examination.Significant cytotoxicity potential was examined using brine shrimps cytotoxicityassay, thus revealing the cytotoxic potential of asynthesized IONPs. TheIC₅₀ for S. thea basedIONPs was recorded as 33.85 µg/mL. Strong anti-radical potentials(DPPH) assay was performed to evaluate the ROS scavenging potential of S.T@IONPs.The highest scavenging potential was noted as 78.06%, TRP as 81.92%and TAC as 84% on maximum concentration of 200 µg/mL. Insummary, our experimental results concluded, that asynthesized IONPs have strongantibacterial, antifungal, DPPH scavenging and cytotoxic potentials and can be usedin different biological applications. In nutshell, our as-prepared nanoparticleshave shown potential bioactivities and we recommend, different other in vitro and invivo biological and bioactivities to further analyze the biologicalpotentials.