Improving the efficiency and reliability of India’s power grid through targeted EHV transmission line investments: a case of UPPCL

This study analyzes the optimization of Extra High Voltage (EHV) transmission line design parameters by Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (UPPCL) in India to improve power grid efficiency and reliability. UPPCL reduced insulation specifications for 400 kV lines from 27 to 21 disc insulators and decreased live metal clearance from 2600 to 2400 mm, resulting in 7–9% cost savings per line and reduced right-of-way requirements. While initial test lines performed satisfactorily for over 5 years, longer lines experienced operational challenges related to insulator quality, bird activity, and design margins. Tripping issues emerged during adverse weather conditions, particularly in foggy winter periods. Root cause analysis revealed the need for stringent insulator quality control, regular cleaning to mitigate bird dropping contamination, and potential corona ring design improvements. This case study demonstrates how targeted EHV transmission line optimization can yield significant cost and environmental benefits, while highlighting the importance of balancing economic gains with reliability and safety considerations. The findings provide valuable insights for future EHV transmission line designs and upgrades across India’s power grid.