Implantable small ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna design for continuous blood pressure monitoring

This paper presents a miniaturized circularly polarized (CP) implantable antenna Ultra-wide bandwidth for continuous blood pressure monitoring. The miniature and CP of the antenna are gained by using a new slot method. The symmetry slots in the radiation patch, two T-shape slots in the GND, coupled with the use of a short pin make the designed antenna with good physical and radiation properties. In simulation, the fractional effective axial ratio bandwidth is 23.6% (2.36–2.94 GHz), and the peak gain is − 28.9 dBi. Its total size is only 17.78 mm³ (0.056 × 0.04 × 0.004 λ₀³), which size is smaller compared to other antennas with similar performance. A prototype is fabricated and measured. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results. And, the radiation patterns have good symmetry both in the simulation and measurement. In addition, the maximum SAR value is in accordance with the IEEE standard safety guidelines (IEEE C95.1-2019).