RETRACTED ARTICLE: Serum melatonin levels and in a sample of Iranian patients with migraine

Migraine, a complex disorder, is characterized by recurrent headacheepisodes. The production of melatonin in the pineal gland, which is crucial forcontrolling circadian rhythms and sleep–wake cycles, is altered in variousconditions, including neurological disorders such as migraine. Recent studiesunderscore the significance of serum melatonin levels in patients with chronic andepisodic migraine, the focus of this study. This case‒control study,conducted from September 2017 to June 2020 in Tehran, Iran, selected potentialparticipants aged 18–65 years from a headache clinic at Sina Hospital(affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences). Both episodic migraine andchronic migraine were diagnosed following the diagnostic criteria in theInternational Classification of Headache Disorders’ third edition. Melatoninlevels were measured according to the instructions of the ELISA kits. There weresignificant differences in the frequency of headache days and the duration ofabortive medication usage between the two groups (Pvalue < 0.001). Besides, analysis revealed significantly lowerserum melatonin levels in patients with episodic ((80.45–45.06) 72.83) andchronic migraine ((154.34–63.34) 70.38, P value < 0.001)than in healthy controls (281.25–160.86) 280). Although no considerabledifferences were found between episodic and chronic migraine patients, the currentstudy demonstrated that serum melatonin levels were substantially greater in healthycontrols than in patients with migraine.